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Book S>>*5_ 

Copyright^ - 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSfT. 



One Hundred Authors 



OUTLINES IN 

ENGLISH AND AMERICAN 
LITERATURE 



FOR USE IN 

SCHOOLS AND NORMAL INSTITUTES 



By 

BESSIE H. SHEDD 



A. FLANAGAN COMPANY, Publishers 

CHICAGO NEW YORK 



LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 
SEP 2 1904 
n Cooyrteht Entry 

CLASS °~ XXc. No. 

96,3 % 3 

C©PY B 



Copyright 1904 
by 

A. FLANAGAN COMPANY 



INTRODUCTION 

These Outlines grew out of the practical needs of the 
class-room. In widening their field of usefulness it is 
hoped that they may prove of service to many teachers 
who seek to lead their pupils to individual research and 
out of the routine of the class-room text. 

Where an adopted text is used, the Outlines bring 
before the class a concise summary of essential facts con- 
cerning authors studied, and may thus be made an in- 
centive and guide to library and research work. The 
quotations serve to fix in mind the characteristics of each 
\ author. 

For classes in English and American Classics the Out- 
lines form a convenient biographical and historical ref- 
erence book. 

In Grades and Rural Schools the quotations will fur- 
nish material for opening exercises. 

Questions and short outlines have been added upon 
The Vision of Sir Launfal, Lays of Ancient Rome, A 
Christmas Carol, The Lady of the Lake, and Enoch 
Arden. 



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ENGLISH LITERATURE 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



7 



AGE OF CHAUCER 

1340— 1450 

Rulers — Edward III. Richard II. 
Representatives — 

HOME 

William Langland — Vision of Piers Ploughman. 
Sir John Mandeville — Book of Travels. 
John Gower — Confessio Amantis. 
John Wycliffe — Translation of the Bible. 
Geoffrey Chaucer — Canterbury Tales. 

FOREIGN 

Dante — Divina Commedia. 
Petrarch — Sonnets. 
Boccaccio — Decamerone. 

Historical Events — 

English victories at Sluys, Crecy and Poitiers. 
Insurrection among the English peasantry. 

Features of the Age — 
Career of the Black Prince. 

Adoption of English as language of Parliament. 

Use of gunpowder. 

High Treason defined. 

Castle of Windsor built. 

First toll levied for repairing highways. 

Close of Feudalism and dawn of the Revolution. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



GEOFFREY CHAUCER 

Birthplace — London. 

Date of Birth — 1340 (About). 

Early Life — Obscure. Page at sixteen years. Soldier 
at nineteen years. 

Education — Probably Cambridge or Oxford. 

Occupation — Soldier. Courtier. Comptroller of Cus- 
toms, London. Author and poet. 

Works — The Parliament of Birds. Canterbury Tales. 

Troilus and Crcseide. The Booke of the Dutch- 
esse. The Legend of Good Women. The 
Cuckow and the Nightingale. 

Travels — Italy. Elanders. France. 

Residence — Varied. Chiefly London. 

Death — 1400. 

The Father of English Poetry. 

"Our greatest poet of the Middle Ages, beyond com- 
parison. " — Hallam. 



Ful thredbare was his overste courtesy, 
For he hadde geten hym yet no benefice. 

— Canterbury Tales. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



9 



AGE OF CAXTON 

1450— 1550 

Rulers — Henry IV. Henry V. Henry VI. Edward 
IV. Edward V. Richard III. Henry VII. 
Henry VIII. Edward VI. 

Representatives- 
home 

Grocyn and Colet, lecturers at Oxford. 

Thomas Linacre — Translation into Latin of Galen's 

Works. 
Sir Thomas More — Utopia. 
John Skelton — Colin Clout. 

Tyndale and Coverdale — Translation of the Bible into 
English. 

Wyatt and Surrey, writers of reign of Henry VIII. 

FOREIGN 

Lorenzo de Medici. 

Erasmus, "The Father of Biblical Criticism." 

Michael Angelo. 

Raphael. 

Luther — Translation of the Bible into German. 

Caxton gave to England the printing press in 1474- 
The period to which his name is given was not rich in 
literary productions, but was rather a time when good 
seed was sown for future harvest. 



ro 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



Historical Events — 

Discovery of America, 1492. 

Features or the Age — 
Revival of learnuig in England. 
Introduction of printing press into England, 1474, 
Invention of paper. 
The Reformation. 

Issue of English Prayer Book, 1547-53. 
Destruction of monasteries, 1536-39. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



1 1 



WILLIAM CAXTON 

Birthplace — County of Kent. 

Date of Birth — 1422 (About). 

Early Life — In London, as apprentice to a mercer. 

Education — Had little schooling. Studied in Flanders 
the art of printing. 

Occupation — Merchant. Scholar. Printer. At Bruges, 
Governor of the English Merchants in the Low 
Countries. Employed in negotiating treaties of 
commerce with the Dukes of Burgundy. 

Works — The Game and Playe of the Chesse. Transla- 
tion from the French of History of Troy. 

Travels — Flanders. 

Residence — England. Flanders. 

Death — 1 49 1 . ( About. ) 



12 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



AGE OF ELIZABETH 

1550—1625 

Rulers — Edward VI. Mary I. Elizabeth. James I. 

Representatives — 

HOME 

Calvin and Knox, reformers. 

Sir Walter Raleigh — Answer to Marlowe's Passionate 
Shepherd. 

Edmund Spenser — The Faerie Queene. 

Sir Philip Sidney — Defence of Poesie. 

Robert Greene — Pandosto. 

Francis Bacon — Novum Organum. 

William Shakspeare — Hamlet. 

Christopher Marlowe — Jew of Malta. 

Ben Jonson — The Alchemist. 

Beaumont and Fletcher— The Maid's Tragedy. 

FOREIGN 

Montaigne — Essays. 

Tasso — Jerusalem Delivered. 

Cervantes — Don Quixote. 

Lope de Vega — Cantos Sacramentales. 

Historical Events — 

Dispersion of Spanish Armada. 
Huguenot War. 



t 

ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



*3 



Execution of Mary Queen of Scots. 
Massacre of St. Bartholomew. 

Features of the Age — 
Emancipation of thought. 
Intellectual expansion. 
Fertility and originality. 
Issue of King James's Bible. 
Rise of the Dutch Republic. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



EDMUND SPENSER 

Birthplace — London, near the Tower. 
Date of Birth — 1552. (About.) 
Early Life — In the North of England. 
Education — Pembroke College, Cambridge. 
Occupation — Tutor. Private secretary. Poet. Sheriff 

of the County of Cork. 
Poems — Shephearde's Calendar. Faerie Queene. As- 

trophel. 
Travels — Ireland. 

Residence — The North of England. County Cork, Ire- 
land. London. 

Death — 1599, in London. Buried in Westminster 
Abbey. 

"He threw the soul of harmony into our verse, and 
made it more warmly, tenderly and magnificently descrip- 
tive than it ever was before, or, with few exceptions, than 
it has ever been since." — Campbell. 

Then with the sunne take, sir, take your timely rest, 
And with the new day new worke at once begin. 

— Faerie Queene. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



SIR PHILIP SIDNEY 

Birthplace — Penshurst, in Kent. 
Date of Birth — 1554. (November 29th.) 
Education — Shrewsbury School. Christ Church, Ox- 
ford. 

Occupation — Statesman and diplomat. Soldier. Poet. 

Governor of Flushing. 
Works — Arcadia. Defence of Poesie. Astrophel and 

Stella. 

Travels— France. .Germany. Austria. Italy. Poland. 

Ireland. Flanders. 
Residence — London. Paris. Vienna. Flanders 
Death — 1586. (October.) At Arnhem. 

"The first good prose writer, in any positive sense of 
the word." — Hallam. 

Sweet food of sweetly uttered knowledge. 

— Defence of Poesie. 

They are never alone that are accompanied with noble 
thoughts. — Arcadia. 



[6 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



FRANCIS BACON 

Birthplace — London. 

Date of Birth — 1561. (January 22d.) 

Early Life — London. 

Education — Trinity College, Cambridge. Studied law, 
Gray's Inn. 

Occupation — Member of Parliament. Counsel-Ex- 
traordinary to Queen Elizabeth. Solicitor-Gen- 
eral. Attorney-General. Lord High Chancellor. 

Works — The Advancement of Learning. Novum Or- 
ganum. Essays. The New Atlantis. History 
of Henry VII. Maxims of the Law. 

Travels — France. Germany. Italy. 

Residence— London. Gorhambury, near St. Albans. 

Death — 1626. (April 9th.) 

.No pleasure is comparable -to the standing upon the vantage- 
ground of truth. — Essays. Of Truth. 

In all negotiations of difficulty, a man may not look to sow 
and reap at once ; but must prepare business, and so ripen it by 
degrees. —Essays. Of Negotiating. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE 

Birthplace — Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire. 

Date of Birth — 1564. (Probably April 23d.) 

Early Life — Stratford-on-Avon. 

Education — Probably Stratford free school. 

Occupation — Actor. Poet and dramatist. 

Early Dramas — Midsummer Night's Dream. Mer- 
chant of Venice. Romeo and Juliet. Henry 
IV. Hamlet. 

Later Dramas — King Lear. Macbeth. The Tempest. 
Residence — London. Stratford-on-Avon. 
Death — 1616. (April 23d.) 

"If ever any author deserved the name of an original, 
it was Shakspeare. — Pope. 

The quality of mercy is not strain'd ; 

It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven 

Upon the place beneath : it is twice bless'd ; 

It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes : 

'Tis mightiest in the mightiest : it becomes 

The throned monarch better than his crown : 

His sceptre shows the force of temporal power, 

The attribute to awe and majesty, 

Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings; 

But mercy is above this sceptred sway; 

It is enthroned in the hearts of kings, 

It is an attribute to God himself. 

— The Merchant of Venice. 



IS 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



Mcthought, I heard a voice cry, "Sleep no more! 
Macbeth does murder sleep," the innocent sleep ; 
Sleep, that knits up the ravell'd sleave of care, 
The death of each day's life, sore labour's bath, 
Balm of hurt minds, great nature's second course, 
Chief nourisher in life's feast. — Macbeth. 

The labour we delight in physics pain. 

— Macbeth. 

The worst is not 
So long as we can say. This is the worst 

— King Lear. 

Adversity's sweet milk, philosophy. 

— Romeo and Juliet. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



19 



BEN JONSON 

Birthplace — London. 
Date of Birth — 1574. 

Early Life — In England, as a bricklayer. In Flanders, 
as a soldier. 

Education — Westminster. University of Cambridge. 
Occupation — Actor. Poet and dramatist. Poet laureate 

under James L 
Dramas — Every Man in His Humour. The Alchemist. 

Catiline's Conspiracy. 
Travels — Flanders. 
Residence — London. 
Death — 1637. 

"The most learned and judicious writer which any 
theatre ever had/' — Dryden. 

Drink to me only with thine eyes, 

And I will pledge with mine ; 
Or leave a kiss but in the cup, 

And I'll not look for wine. 

— The Forest.. To Celia. 

He was not of an age, but for all time. 

— To the Memory of Shakspeare. 



20 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER 

Beaumont, 1 586-1615. Fletcher, 1576-1625. 

Education — Oxford. Education — Cambridge. 

Beaumont and Fletcher were inseparable friends and 
co-workers for many years. 

Dramas — Philaster. The Maid's Tragedy. The Cox- 
comb. Cupid's Revenge. 

Beaumont — The Masque of the Inner Temple. 

Fletcher — The Faithful Shepherdess. The Scornful 
Lady. 

'They are lyrical and descriptive poets of the highest 
order. . . . They are dramatic poets of the second 
class in point of knowledge, variety, vivacity and effect. 
. . . In comic wit and spirit they are scarcely sur- 
passed by any writers of our age.' 1 — Hazlitt. 

Sir, if I have made 
A fault of ignorance, instruct my youth. 
I shall be willing, if not apt to learn. 

—Philaster. 

Of all the paths lead to a woman's love 
Pity's the straightest. 

— The Knight of Malta. 

4 • • ' 

There is a method in man's wickedness, 
It grows up by degrees. 

— A King and No King. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



21 



AGE OF THE COMMONWEALTH 

1625 l66o 

Rulers — Charles I. Oliver Cromwell 
Representatives — 

HOME 

Herrick — The Hesperides. 

Izaak Walton — The Complete Angler. 

Milton — Paradise Lost. 

Butler — Hudibras. 

Jeremy Taylor — Holy Living and Holy Dying, 
Cowley — Puritan and Papist. 

FOREIGN 

Descartes, philosopher and mathematician. 

Pascal, mathematician. 

Bossuet, prelate. 

La Fontaine — Fables. 

Corneille, founder of the French classic drama. 

Moliere, comic dramatist. 

Galileo, astronomer. 

Calderon, dramatist. 

Grotius, publicist and theologian. 

Historical Events— 
War with Spain. 
War with France. 



22 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



Dissolution of Parliament. 

Peace with France and with Spain. 

Introduction of the canons and liturgy. 

Episcopacy abolished. 

War with Scotland. 

Meeting of the Long Parliament. 

High Commission and Star Chamber abolished. 

Irish Insurrection. 

Civil War. 

Trial and execution of Charles I. 
Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell. 
Dismissal of the Long Parliament. 
Death of Cromwell. 
The Restoration. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



23 



ROBERT HERRICK 

Birthplace — London. 
Date of Birth — 1591. (August 20th.) 
Early Life — London. Cambridge. 
Education — St. John's College and Trinity Hall, Cam- 
bridge. 

Occupation — Poet. Vicar of Dean's Prior, Devonshire. 
Poetical Works — The Hesperides. Noble Numbers. 
Litanie. 

Residence — Devon. London. 
Death — 1674. At Devon. 

"He has much of the lively grace that distinguishes 
Anacreon and Catullus." — Hallam. 

Ask me why I send you here 

This sweet infanta of the year? 
Ask me why I send to you 
This primrose thus bepearled with dew? 

I will whisper to your ears, 

Sweets of love are mixed with tears. 



24 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



JOHN MILTON 

Birthplace — London. 

Date of Birth — 1608. (December 9th.) 

Education — Private tutor. St. Paul's School, London. 
Christ's College, Cambridge, 1632. 

Occupation — School teacher. Latin secretary to Oliver 
Cromwell. Author and poet. 

Poetical Works — Ode On the Morning of Christ's Na- 
tivity. Comus. L' Allegro. II Penseroso. 
Paradise Lost. Samson Agonistes. Paradise 
Regained. 

Prose Works — Areopagitica. Various treatises on 
Church, State and other matters. History of 
England. 

Travels — France and Italy. 

Residence — London and vicinity. 

Death — 1674. (November 8th.) 

"It is certain that this author, when in a happy mood 
and employed on a noble subject, is the most wonder- 
fully sublime of any poet in any language, Homer and Lu- 
cretius and Tasso not excepted.": — Hume. 

Awake, arise, or be forever fallen. 

— Paradise Lost, Book I. 

* * All things invite 
To peaceful counsels, and the settled state 
Of order, how in safety best we may 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



25 



Compose our present evils, with regard 
Of what we are and where. 

— Paradise Lost, Book II. 

Then feed on thoughts, that voluntary move 
Harmonious numbers ; as the wakeful bird 
Sings darkling, and in shadiest covert hid 
Tunes her nocturnal note. 

— Paradise Lost, Book III. 

Above the smoke and stir of this dim spot, 
Which men call Earth. 

— Comus. 

Rocks whereon greatest men have oftest wreck'd. 

— Paradise Regained, Book II, 

The childhood shows the man 
As morning shows the day. 

Paradise Regained, Book IV. 

O dark, dark, dark amid the blaze of noon ! 

— Samson A.gonistes. 



26 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



AGE OF THE RESTORATION 

1660 — 1700 

Rulers — Charles II. James II. William and Mary. 
Representatives — 

HOME 

Clarendon — History of the Great Rebellion. 

John Bimyan — Pilgrim's Progress. 

John Dryden — Absalom and Achitophel. 

John Locke — Essay on the Human Understanding. 

Sir Isaac Newton — The Principia. 

William Congreve — Comedies. 

FOREIGN 

John Elliot — Indian Bible. 
Cotton Mather — Sermons. 
Moliere, comic dramatist. 
Boileau, satirist and critic. 
Calderon, Spanish dramatist. 

Historical Events — 

Restoration of the Stuarts. 
Revolution of 1688. 

Features of the Age — 

Predominance of "French tastes, French fashions, 
French vices." 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



21 



Ridicule of Puritan severity. 

Ancestors of present customs sprang up during this 
period. 

Prose rather than poetry predominated. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



JOHN BUNYAN 



Birthplace — Elstow, near Bedford. 
Date of Birth — 1628. 

Early Life — In Elstow, and wandering from place to 

place as a tinker. 
Education — Had little schooling. 
Occupation — Baptist preacher. Author. 
Works — The Grace Abounding. The Holy War. The 

Pilgrim's Progress 
Residence— Bedford. 
Death — 1688. (August 31st.) London. 

The world's Master of Allegory. 

If you will go with us, you must go against wind and tide; 
the which I perceive is against your opinion ; you must also own 
religion in his rags as well as in his silver slippers and stand by 
him too when bound in irons as well as when he walketh in the 
streets with applause. — The Pilgrim's Progress. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



29 



JOHN DRYDEN 

Birthplace — Aldwinckle, Northamptonshire. 

Date of Birth — 1631. (August 9th.) 

Early Life — In Northamptonshire. 

Education — Westminster School. Trinity College, 
Cambridge, 1650-1657. 

Occupation — Dramatist, poet and author. Poet laure- 
ate, 1668. 

Works — Death of Cromwell. Absalom and Achitophel. 

The Hind and Panther. Ode for St. Cecilia's 
Day. Various dramas and some prose works. 
Translation of Virgil. 

Residence — London. 

Death — 1700. (May 1st.) 

"His command of language was immense. With Kim 
died the secret of the old poetical diction of England — 
the art of producing rich effects by familiar words.'' — 
Macaulay. 

O lull me, lull me, charming air ! 
My senses rock with wonder sweet! 
Like snow on wool thy fallings are : 
Soft like a spirit's are thy feet. 

— Music. 



3° 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



JOHN LOCKE 

Birthplace — Wrington, Somersetshire. 
Date of Birth — 1632. (August 29th.) 
Early Life — In Somersetshire. 

Education — Westminster School. Christ Church, Ox- 
ford. Studied medicine. 

Occupation — Greek Lecturer at Oxford. Lecturer on 
Rhetoric. Censor of Moral Philosophy. Phy- 
sician. Philosopher. Held various government 
positions. 

Works — Letters on Toleration. Treatise on Education. 

The Reasonableness of Christianity. Essay on 

the Human Understanding. 
Travels — Germany. France. Holland. 
Residence — Varied: London, Holland. Oates, Essex. 
Death — 1704. (October 28th.) 

"The unquestioned founder of the analytic philosophy 
of mind." — John Stuart Mill. 

What the mind is intent upon and careful of, that it remem- 
bers best. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



31 



AGE OF QUEEN ANNE 

1700— 1750 

Rulers — William and Mary. Anne. George I. George II. 
Representatives — 

HOME 

De Foe — Robinson Crusoe. 

Swift — Gulliver's Travels. 

Addison — Essays. 

Steele — Essays and Comedies. 

Isaac Watts — Hymns. 

Pope — Translation of the Iliad. 

Samuel Richardson — Pamela. 

Henry Fielding — Tom Jones. 

Tobias Smollett — Humphrey Clinker. 

FOREIGN 

Cotton Mather, etc. (See Age of Restoration.) 
Massillon — Eulogy at Grave of Louis XIV. 

Historical Events — 

War of Spanish Succession. 

Union of Parliaments of England and Scotland. 
English throne passes to the house of Hanover. 
Jacobite risings. 
War of Austrian Succession. 

Features of the Age — 

More of superficial culture than in previous age, but 
little gain morally or in religious growth. 



32 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



DANIEL DE FOE 

Birthplace — London. ( Probably. ) 
Date of Birth — 1661. 
Education — Educated for the ministry. 
Early Life — London. 

Occupation — Soldier. Merchant. Poet and author. 

Works — The True-Born Englishman. Robinson Cru- 
soe. Captain Singleton. Memoirs of a Cava- 
lier. A Tour Through England and Scotland. 

Travels — Scotland. 

Residence — London. ( Probably. ) 

Death — 1731. (April 24th.) 

"He must be acknowledged as one of the ablest, as he 
was one of the most captivating writers of which this isle 
can boast." — Chalmers. 



The power that could make all things must certainly have 
power to guide 'and direct them. — Robinson Crusoe. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



33 



JONATHAN SWIFT 

Birthplace — Dublin. (Born of English parents.) 
Date of Birth — 1667. (November 30th.) 
Early Life — In Ireland. 

Education — School in Kilkenny. Trinity College, Dub- 
lin. Oxford. 

Occupation — Private secretary. Editor. Author and 
poet. Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin. 

Works — Tale of a Tub. The Battle of the Books. Gul- 
liver's Travels. Various religious and political 
treatises. Many poems. 

Residence — England. Ireland. 

Death — 1745. (October 19th.) 

He confined the knowledge of governing within very narrow 
bounds, to common sense and reason, to justice and lenity. 

— Gulliver's Travels. 

The two noblest things, which are sweetness and light. 

— Battle of the Books. 



34 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



JOSEPH ADDISON 



Birthplace — Milston, near Amesbury in Wiltshire. 

Date o£ Birth — 1672. (May 1st.) 

Early Life — Milston and Lichfield. 

Education — Schools at Amesbury and in Lichfield. 

Charterhouse. Queen's College and Magdalen 
College, Oxford. 

Occupation — Author. Poet. Under-secretary of State. 

Member of Parliament. Chief secretary to the 
Lord-Lieuienant of Ireland. 

Works — Rosamond. Cato. Contributed largely to The 
Tatter and The Spectator, in which latter publi- 
cation appeared the Sir Roger de Coverley 
papers. 

Travels — France. Italy. Austria. Germany. Hol- 
land. Ireland. 
Residence — Holland House, London. 
Death — 1719. (June 17th.) 

I have observed that a reader seldom peruses a book with 
pleasure till he knows whether the writer of it be a black or a 
fair man, of a mild or a choleric disposition, married or a 
bachelor, with other particulars of a like nature, that conduce 
very much to the right understanding of an author. 

— Sir Roger de Coverley. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



35 



SIR RICHARD STEELE 

Birthplace — Dublin. 
Date of Birth — 1672. 

Education — Charterhouse, London. Merton College, 
Oxford. 

Occupation — Essayist and dramatist. Editor of The 
Tatler, The Spectator and The Guardian, with 
Addison. Member of Parliament. Held vari- 
ous government positions. Supervisor of Drury 
Lane Theater. 

Works — The Christian Hero. Various Comedies (The 
Funeral, The Tender Husband, The Conscious 
Lovers). Many essays in The Tatler and The 
Spectator. 

Residence — London. Llangunor, Wales. 
Death — 1729. 

"A sprightly and genial writer, rather negligent in 
style." 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



ALEXANDER POPE 



Birthplace — London. 

Date of Birth — 1688. (May 22<±) 

Early Life — Kensington. Binfield, Windsor Forest, 

Education — Private school and tutors. 

Occupation — Poet. Critic. 

Poetical Works — Pastorals. Essay on Criticism. Rape 
of the Lock. Windsor Forest. Essay on Man. 
Translation of the Iliad. 

Residence — Twickenham on the Thames. 

Death — 1744. (May 30th.) 

"Pope, the prince of lyric poetry, unrivalled in satire, 
ethicks, and polished versification." — Smollett. 

Happy the man, whose wish and care 

A few paternal acres bound, 
Content to breathe his native air, 
In his own ground. 

— Ode on Solitude. 

Hope springs eternal in the human breast : 
Man never is, but always to be blest.. 

— Essay on Man. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



37 



AGE OF JOHNSON 

1750 — 1800 

Rulers — George II. George III. 

Representatives (See, also, Age of Queen Anne and 
Age of Scott) — 

HOME 

Thomson. Hume. Gray. Blackstone. Goldsmith. 
Cowper. Sheridan. Gibbon. Boswell. Burns. 

FOREIGN 

Voltaire. 

Rousseau (See Age of Scott). 
Schiller— Wilhelm Tell. 
Goethe — Faust. 

American writers of Revolutionary period. 

Historical Events — 
French and Indian War. 
American Revolution. 

Features of the Age — 

Critical writings. The dawn of the Romantic School. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



JAMES THOMSON 

Birthplace — Ednam, Roxburghshire, Scotland. 
Date of Birth — 1700. (September nth.) 
Early Life — In Scotland. 

Education — Southdean parish school. Jedburgh. Ed- 
inburgh University. 

Occupation — Tutor. In London, Secretary of Briefs. 

Surveyor-General of the Leeward Islands. 
Poet and dramatist. 

Poems — The Seasons. Liberty. The Castle of Indo- 
lence. 

Plays — Agamemnon. Edward and Eleanora. The 
Masque of Alfred (in which appeared ''Rule 
Britannia"). Tancred and Sigismunda. Cari- 
olanus. 

Travels — England. France. Italy. 
Residence — Richmond. 

Death — 1748. Buried in Richmond churchyard. 

These as they change, Almighty Father ! these, 
Are but the varied God. The rolling year 
Is full of Thee. Forth in the pleasing spring 
Thy beauty walks ; thy tenderness and love 
Wide flush the fields ; the softening air is balm, 
Echo the mountains round, the forest smiles ; 
And every sense and every heart is joy. 

— The Seasons. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



39 



SAMUEL JOHNSON 

Birthplace — Lichfield. 

Date of Birth — 1709. (September 18th.) 

Early Life — Lichfield. 

Education — School in Lichfield and Stourbridge. Pem- 
broke College, Oxford. 

Occupation — Teacher and usher in a provincial school. 

Bookseller's hack. Poet, dramatist and essayist. 
Lexicographer and critic. Editor of The Ram- 
bler and The Idler. 

Prose Works — Rasselas. Lives of the British Poets. 

Dictionary of English Language. Preface and 
Notes to Shakspeare. 

Poems — London. Vanity of Human Wishes. 

Travels — Scotland. 

Residence — London. 

Death- — 1784. Buried in Westminster Abbey. 

To-morrow's action ! Can that heavy wisdom, 
Borne down with years, still doat upon to-morrow! 

Learn that the present hour alone is man's. 

— Irene. 



4o ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



DAVID HUME 

Birthplace — Edinburgh. 

Date of Birth — 1711. (April 26th.) 

Early Life — In Scotland. 

Education — Edinburgh University. Studied law. 

Occupation — Historian. Essayist. Philosopher. Sec- 
retary to Edinburgh Philosophical Society. 
Secretary to Embassy at Paris. Charge d'Af- 
faires, Paris. 

Works — Treatise on Human Nature. Essays Moral and 
Political. Philosophical Essays. History of 
England. Dialogues on Natural Religion. 

Travels — Paris. Vienna. Turin. London. 

Residence — Varied : Edinburgh. Paris. 

Death — 1 776. ( August. ) 

"His style is generally admired, as graceful, natural, 
and perspicuous. But the value of his history is ma- 
terially lessened by his partiality and inaccuracy. " 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



41 



THOMAS GRAY 



Birthplace — London. 

Date of Birth — 1716. (December 26th.) 

Education — Eton. Peterhouse College, Cambridge. 

Occupation — Poet. Classical scholar. Student of sci- 
ence. Professor of History and Modern Lan- 
guages at Cambridge. Declined the laureate- 
ship, 1759. 

Poems — Latin Ode on the Grande Chartreuse. Ode on a 
Distant Prospect of Eton College. Elegy in a 
Country Church Yard. The Progress of Poesy. 
The Bard. 

Travels — France. Italy. Toured Scotland and Eng- 
land. 

Residence — Cambridge. 

Death — 1771. (July 30th.) Buried at Stoke Poges. 

Full many a gem of purest ray serene 

The dark unfathom'd caves of ocean bear : 

Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, 
And waste its sweetness on the desert air. 

— Elegy. 



42 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



OLIVER GOLDSMITH 

Birthplace — Pallas, County of Longford, Ireland. 
Date of Birth — 1728. (November 10th.) 
Early Life — In Ireland. 

Education — Trinity College, Dublin, 1749. Studied 
medicine in Edinburgh. 

Occupation — Tutor. Shopman in London. Usher in 
boarding school. Author. Dramatist. Poet. 

Poems — The Traveller. The Deserted Village. 

Prose Works — Vicar of Wakefield. Histories of Eng- 
land, Greece and Rome. The Citizen of the 
World. Life of Beau Nash. 

Plays — The Good-Natured Man. She Stoops to Con- 
quer. 

Travels — Tour of the Continent, on foot. 
Residence — Varied. Frequently at London. 
Death — 1774. (April 4th.) 

Unskilful he to faun or seek for power, 
By doctrines fashioned to the varying hour, 
For other aims his heart had learned to prize, 
More bent to raise the wretched than to rise. 

— The Deserted Village. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



43 



WILLIAM COWPER 

Birthplace — Great Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire. 
Date of Birth — 1731. (November 26th.) 
Education — Private school. Westminster School. Stud- 
ied law. 
Occupation — Lawyer. Poet. 

Works — The Task. John Gilpin. Translations of 
Homer. 

Residence — Olnev. W eston. 
Death — 1800. (April 25th.) 

For 'tis a truth well known to most, 
That whatsoever thing is lost, # 
We seek it, ere it come to light, 
In every cranny but the right. 

— The Retired Cat. 

Nor rural sights alone, but rural sounds, 
Exhilarate the spirit, and restore 
The tone of languid nature. 

— The Task. 

Absence of occupation is not rest, 

A mind quite vacant is a mind distress'd. 

— Retirement. 



44 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



ROBERT BURNS 

Birthplace — Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland. 

Date of Birth — 1759. (January 25th.) 

Early Life — Upon his father's farm. 

Education — Village school. Instructed by his father. 

Occupation — Poet. Farmer. Exciseman. 

Poems — The Cottar's Saturday Night. Twa Dogs. To 
a Mouse. To a Mountain Daisy. Mary in 
Heaven. Auld Lang Syne. Tarn O'Shanter. 

Travels — Tour of Scotland. 

Residence — Dumfriesshire. 

Death — 1796. (June 21st.) At Dumfries. 

"It is as a writer of songs that Burns's memory will 
last for all time. He is the greatest lyric poet that 
Britain has produced, and it would be difficult to name 
his superior in the world's history." — George A. Aitken. 

What though on hamely fare we dine, 

Wear hoddin grey, an' a' that ; 
Gie fools their silks, and knaves their wine, 

A man's a man for a' that. 

— A Man's a Man for a' That. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



45 



AGE OF SCOTT 

1800 — 1830 

Ruler — George III. 
Representatives — 

HOME 

Keats. Wordsworth. Scott. Coleridge. Southey. 
Lamb. Hazlitt. Campbell. Moore. Hunt. De Quincey. 
Byron. Shelley. Hemans. Dr. Arnold. Hood. 

Wordsworth, Hood, and others of these continued to write for 
some years beyond 1830. In point of time, therefore, they might 
likewise find a place among writers of the Victorian Age. How- 
ever, in view of kindred interests as fellow workers and pioneers 
in the new and noble growth of English Literature, they are here 
classed together. 

FOREIGN 

Washington Irving — Sketch Book. 
Victor Hugo. (See Victorian Age.) 
Rousseau — Emile. (See previous Age.) 

Historical Events — 
American Revolution. 
French Revolution. 
War of 1812-1814. 



46 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 

Birthplace — Cockermouth, Cumberland. 

Date of Birth — 1770. (April 7th.) 

Education — Grammar school at Hawkshead. St. 

John's College, Cambridge, 1791. 
Occupation — Poet. Succeeded Southey as laureate. 
Poems — We Are Seven. Intimations of Immortality. 

The Excursion. The Waggoner. Resolution 

and Independence. 
Travels — Switzerland. France. Germany. Scotland. 

Ireland. Italy. 
Residence — Grasmere. 
Death — 1850. (April 23d.) 

Close clings to earth the living rock ; 
Though threatening still to fall ; 
The earth is constant to her sphere, 
And God upholds them all. 

— The Primrose of the Rock. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



47 



SIR WALTER SCOTT 



Birthplace — Edinburgh. 

Date of Birth — 1771. (August 15th.) 

Early Life — On the farm belonging to his grandfather. 

Education — High school and private tutor. Univer- 
sity of Edinburgh. 

Occupation — Lawyer. Novelist and poet. Editor. 
President Royal Society of Scotland. 

Poems — Lay of the Last Minstrel. Marmion. Lady of 
the Lake. 

Prose Works — Waverly Novels. Tales of a Grand- 
father. Life of Napoleon. 
Travels — The Continent. 
Residence — Ashestiel on Tweed, Abbotsford. 
Death — 1832. (September 21st.) Abbotsford. 

"The Homer of modern citizen life." — Taine. 

Shine martial faith, and courtesy's bright star. 

Through all the wreckful storms that cloud the brow of war. 

— Lady of the Lake. 

O woman ! In our hours of ease, 
Uncertain, coy, and hard to please, 
And variable as the shade 
By the light quivering aspen made ; 
When pain and anguish wring the brow, 
A ministering angel thou. 

— Marmion. 



48 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE 

Birthplace — Ottery St. Alary, Devonshire. 

Date of Birth — 1772. (October 21st.) 

Early Life — Devonshire and London. 

Education — Grammar school at Ottery. Christ's Hos- 
pital, London. Jesus College, Cambridge. 

Occupation — Poet, critic and philosopher. Unitarian 
preacher. Lecturer. Editor. 

Poetical Works — Remorse. The Ancient Mariner. 
Cristabel, 

Prose Works — Biographia Literaria. Table-Talk. Lec- 
tures on Shakspeare. 
Travels — Wales. Germany. Italy. 
Residence — Varied. Part of the time in London. 
Death — 1834. (July 25th.) 

"The rapt one, of the godlike forehead." — Words- 
worth, 

He prayeth best, who loveth best, 
All things both great and small, 
For the dear God who loveth us, 
He made and loveth all. 

— The Ancient Mariner. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



49 



ROBERT SOUTHEY 

Birthplace — Bristol. 

Date of Birth — 1774. (August 12th.) 

Education — Westminster. Balliol College, Oxford. 

Occupation — Poet. Author. Lecturer. For thirty 
years a regular contributor to the Quarterly. 
Laureate, 1813. 

Poetical Works — Joan of x\rc. Thalaba. Rhoderick, 
the Last of the Goths. 

Prose Works — Life of Nelson. History of the Penin- 
sular War. 

Travels — Ireland. Scotland. The Continent. 
Residence — Greta Hall, near Keswick, in Cumberland. 
Death — 1843. (March 21st.) 

* * * Have ye yet to learn 
With what a deep and pity stirring voice 
Pity doth call revenge? Have ye no hearts 
To feel and understand how mercy tames. 
Tames the rebel nature maddened by old wrongs 
And binds it in the gentle bands of love? 

— Emmet's Epitaph. 

And should my youth, as youth is apt, I know 

Some harshness show, 
All vain asperities, I day by day, 

Would wear away, 
Till the smooth temper of my age should be 
Like the high leaves upon the holly tree. 

— The Holly Tree. 



5° 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



CHARLES LAMB 

Birthplace — London. 

Date of Birth — 1775. (February 10th.) 

Early Life — London. 

Education — Christ's Hospital. 

Occupation— Author. Clerk in South Sea House, and 
in India House. Wrote for newspapers. On 
staff of London Magazine. 

Writings — Essays of Elia. John Woodville (drama). 

Rosamund Gray. Juvenile books: Adventures 
of Ulysses ; with his sister Mary, Tales from 
Shakspeare. 

Residence— In or near London. 

Death — 1834. 

That yon must love me and love my dog. — Excuse me, dear 
sir or madam, aforesaid, — if upon further consideration we are 
obliged to decline the otherwise invaluable offer of your friend- 
ship. We do not like dogs. 

A pun is not bound by the laws which limit nicer wit. It is a 
pistol let off at the ear, not a feather to tickle the intellect. 

— Popular Fallacies. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



5i 



THOMAS MOORE 

Birthplace — Dublin. 

Date of Birth — 1779. (May 28th.) 

Early Life — In Ireland. 

Occupation — Poet. Author. Admiralty registrar at 
Bermuda. 

Education — Trinity College, Dublin, 1798. Middle 

Temple, London. 
Works — Lalla Rookh. Irish Melodies. Life of Lord 

Byron. History of Ireland. Odes and Epistles. 

National Airs. The Fudge Family in Paris. 
Travels — England. Bermuda. America. Italy. 
Residence — London. Paris. Sloperton. 
Death — 1852. (February 25th.) 

When the stem dies, the leaf that grew 
Out of its heart must perish too. 

— Lalla Rookh. 

Oh, if there be on this earthly sphere, 

A boon, an offering Heaven holds dear, 

Tis the last libation Liberty draws 

From the heart that bleeds and breaks in her cause. 

— Lalla Rookh. 



52 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



LEIGH HUNT 

Birthplace — Southgate, Middlesex. 

Date of Birth — 1784. (October 19th.) 

Early Life — In England. 

Education — Christ's Hospital, London. 

Occupation — Essayist and poet. Novelist. Clerk. 

Filled minor post in War Office. Editor and 

critic. 

Works — The Story of Rimini. Hero and Leander. Lord 
Byron and Some of His Contemporaries. Cap- 
tain Sword and Captain Pen. Abou Ben Ad- 
hem. A Legend of Florence (a play). 

Travels — Italy. 

Residence — England. Rome. 

Death — 1859. (August 28th.) At Putney. 

Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold, 

And to the presence in the room he said, 

"What writest thou?" The vision raised his head, 

And with a look made all of sweet accord, 

Answered — "The names of those who love the Lord." 

"And is mine one?" said Abou. "Nay not so," 

Replied the angel. Abou spoke more low, 

But cheerily still; and said "I pray thee then, 

Write mine as one that loves his fellow men." 

The angel wrote and vanished. The next night 

It came again and with a great awakening light, 

And showed the names whom love of God had blessed, 

And lo ! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest. 

— Abou Ben Adhem. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



55 



THOMAS DE QUINCEY 

Birthplace — Manchester. 

Date of Birth — 1785. (August 15th.) 

Early Life — England. 

Education — Schools at Bath, Winkfield and Manches- 
ter. Worcester College. 

Occupation — Author. Journalist. 
• Works — Translation of Lessing's Laocoon. Confessions 
of an English Opium Eater. Flight of the Kal- 
muck Tartars. The Logic of Political Economy. 

Residence — England. Scotland. 

Death — 1859. (December 8th.) 

One of the great masters of English prose. 

It is after reading it and supposing the book to reveal some- 
thing of the writer's moral nature, as modifying his intellect, it is 
for his fun, his sadness, possibly his craziness, that a reader cares 
about seeing an author in person. 

— Notes on Walter Savage Land or. 



54 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



LORD BYRON 

Birthplace — London. 

Date of Birth — 1788. (January 22A.) 

Early Life— Aberdeen, Scotland. 

Education — School at Aberdeen and Dulwich. Harrow. 

Trinity College, Cambridge. 
Occupation — Poet. 

Poems — Childe Harold. The Giaour. The Bride of * 
Abydos. The Prisoner of Chillon. The Cor- 
sair. Mazeppa. 

Travels — Portugal. Spain. Turkey. Greece. Bel- 
gium. Switzerland. Italy. 

Residence — England. Switzerland. Italy. 

Death — 1824. (April 19th.) 

There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, 

There is a rapture on the lonely shore, 

There is society, where none intrudes, 

By the deep sea, and music in its roar : 

I love not Man the less, but Nature more, 

From these our interviews in which I steal . 

From all I may be or have been before, 

To mingle with the universe and feel 

What I can ne'er express yet can not all conceal. 

— Childe Harold. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



55 



PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 



Birthplace — Field Place, near Horsham, in Sussex. 
Date of Birth — 1792. (August 4th.) 
Early Life — In Sussex. 

Education — School at Warnham. Academy at Isle- 
worth. Eton. University College, Oxford. 
Occupation — Poet and author. 

Poems — Alastor. Revolt of Islam. Ode to the West 
Wind. To a Skylark. The Cenci. Prometheus 
Unbound. Adonais. 

Travels — Scotland. Ireland. Wales. Switzerland. 
France. Germany. Holland. Italy. 

Residence — England. Wales. Switzerland. Italy. 

Death — 1822. (July 8th.) Drowned. His ashes bur- 
ied at Rome. 

"A beautiful and enchanting spirit." — Matthezv 
Arnold. 

That orbed maiden, with white fire laden, 
Whom mortals call the moon. 

— The Cloud. 

Teach us, sprite or bird, 

What sweet thoughts are thine. 

— To a Skylark. 



56 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



FELICIA DOROTHEA HEMANS 

Birthplace — Liverpool. 
Date of Birth — 1793. ( September 25th.) 
Early Life — In Northern Wales. 
Education — Taught by her mother. 
Occupation — Poet. 

Poems — Lays of Many Lands. Hymns for Childhood. 

The Forest Sanctuary. Songs of the Affections. 
Travels — Ireland. Scotland. 
Residence — In Wales. Near Liverpool. Dublin. 
Death— 1835. (May 16th.) 

"In her poetry religious truth, moral purity, and intel- 
lectual beauty ever meet together." — Moir. 

The free, fair homes of England ! 

Long, long in hut and hall, 

May hearts of native proof be reared 

To guard each hallowed wall ! 

And green forever be the graves, 

And bright the flowery sod, 

Where first the child's glad spirit loves 

Its country and its God. 

— The Homes of England. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



57 



JOHN KEATS 

Birthplace — Moorfields, London. 
Date of Birth — 1795. (October 29th.) 
Early Life — In England. 

Education — School in Endfield. Apprenticed to a sur- 
geon at age of fifteen. 
Occupation — Surgeon. Poet. 

Poems — Endymion. Isabella. Hyperion. The Eve of 

St. Agnes. Lamia. 
Travels — England. Scotland. Italy. 
Residence — England. Rome. 
Death — 1821. (February 23d.) At Rome. 

The poetry of earth is ceasing never : 

On a lone winter evening, when the frost 
Has wrought a silence, from the stove there shrills 
The Cricket's song, in warmth increasing ever. 

— The Grasshopper and Cricket. 

The clouds were pure and white as flocks new-shorn, 
And fresh from the clear brook ; sweetly they slept 
On the blue fields of heaven, and then there crept 
A little noiseless noise among the leaves, 
Born of the very sigh that silence heaves. 

— / stood tiptoe upon a little hill. 



5« 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



THOMAS HOOD 

I \ i rth place — London. 

Date of Birth — 1798. (May 23d.) 

Early Life — London. 

Education — Day school in London. 

Occupation — Poet. Author. Editor. 

Poems — The Bridge of Sighs. The Song of the Shirt. 

Eugene Aram. The Plea of the Midsummer 

Fairies. 
Travels — Germany. 
Residence — Germany. London. 
Death — 1845. (May 3d.) 

The lily's all in white, like a saint, 

And so is no mate for me, 
And the daisy's cheek is dipped with a blush, 

She is of such low degree ; 
Jessamine is sweet and has many loves 

And the broom's betrothed to the bee ; 
But I will plight with the dainty rose, 

For fairest of all is she. 

— The Flozvers. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



59 



VICTORIAN AGE 

1830- 

Rulers — Victoria, Edward VII. 
Representatives — 

HOME 

Carlyle. Macaulay. Mrs. Browning. Bulwer. Tenny- 
son. Dr. Brown. Robert Browning. Thackeray. Dick- 
ens. Ruskin. Mrs. Oliphant. George Eliot. Jean In- 
gelow. Many other illustrious personages. 

FOREIGN 

See Outlines American Literature. 
Victor Hugo — Les Miserables. 



6o 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



BRYAN WALLER PROCTER 

(Barry Cornwall) 

Birthplace — London. 

Date of Birth — 1787. (November 21st.) 

Education — Harrow. 

Occupation — Lawyer. Poet. 

Poetical Works — Dramatic Scenes. Miranclola. Mar- 
cian Colonna. 

Prose Works — Life of Edmund Keane. Memoir of 

Charles Lamb. 
Residence — London. 
Death — 1874. (October 5th.) 

The sea ! the sea ! the open 'sea ! 
The blue, the fresh, the ever free ! 

— The Sea. 

I never was on the dull, tame shore, 
But I loved the. great sea more and more. 

— The Sea. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



61 



THOMAS CARLYLE 

Birthplace — Ecclefechan, Scotland. 

Date of Birth — 1795. (December 4th.) 

Early Life — In Scotland among the peasants. 

Education — Parish school, Ecclefechan. Annan Acad- 
emy. Edinburgh University. 

Occupation — Essayist and historian. Master of Mathe- 
matics, Annan Academy. Schoolmaster, Kirk- 
caldy. Lecturer. Lord Rector of Edinburgh. 

Works — Sartor Resartus. The French Revolution. 

Heroes and Hero-Worship. Letters and 
Speeches of Oliver Cromwell. History of 
Frederick II. 

Travels — England. France. Ireland. Germany. 

Residence — On a farm, at Craigenputtoch, Dumfries- 
shire. Chelsea. 

Death — 1881. (February 5th.) Buried at Ecclefechan. 

Bees will not work except in darkness. 
Thoughts will not work except in silence. 

— Sartor Resartus. 



Do the duty which lies nearest thee, which thou knowest to be 
a duty. The second duty will already have become clearer. 



62 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 

Birthplace — Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, England. 

Date of Birth — 1800. (October 25th.) 

Education — Studied at home. Trinity College, Cam- 
bridge, 1822. Studied law at Lincoln's Inn. 

Occupation — Historian. Essayist. Poet. Statesman. 

Member of Parliament. Member of Supreme 
Council, India. Lord Rector of the University 
of Glasgow. 

Prose Works — Historical essays. History of England. 
Poems — The Battle of Ivry. Lays cf Ancient Rome. 
Travels — India. 

Residence — London. Cambridge. Calcutta. Holly 

Lodge, Kensington. 
Death — 1859. (December 28th.) 

One of the greatest masters of English prose. (See 
De Ouincey.) 

Then out spake brave Horatius, 
The captain at The Gate ; 
"To every man upon the earth 
Death cometh soon or late, 
And how can man die better, 
Than facing fearful odds. 
For the ashes of his fathers, 
And the temples of his Gods?" 

— Horatius. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



65 



ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING 

Birthplace — London. • 
Date of Birth— 1806. (March 6th.) 
Early Life — Hope End, near Ledbury, in Hereford- 
shire. 

Occupation — Poet and author. 

Poems — Casa Guidi Windows. Aurora Leigh. Drama 

of Exile. Sonnets from the Portuguese. 
Travels — Italy. 

Residence — Italy. (Chiefly Rome and Florence.) 
Death — 1861. (June 29th.) Florence. 

Happy are all free people, too strong to be dispossessed, 
But blessed are those among nations, who dare to be strong for 
the rest. — A Court Lady. 

For us — whatever's undergone, 
Thou knowest, wiliest what is done, 
Grief may be joy misunderstood : 
Only the Good discerns the good, 
I trust thee while my days go on. 



64 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



ALFRED TENNYSON 

Birthplace — Somersby, Lincolnshire. 
Date of Birth — 1809. (August 6th.) 
Early Life — In England. 

Education — Directed by his father. Trinity College, 
Cambridge. 

Occupation — Poet laureate after Wordsworth. 

Poems — Enoch Arden. The Brook. Locksley Hall. 

Maud. In Memoriam. Idylls of the King. 
Travels — Spain. Germany. Italy. Wales. Ireland. 
Residence — Twickenham. Aldworth, near Haslemere. 
Death — 1892. (October 6th.) Buried in Westminster 

Abbey. 

"In his verse he is as truly the 'glass of fashion and the 
mould of form' of the Victorian generation in the nine- 
teenth century as Spenser was of the Elizabethan court, 
Milton of the Protectorate, Pope of the reign of Queen 
A nne . ' ' — Stedm an . 

I hold it truth, with him who sings, 
To one clear harp in divers tones, 
That men may rise on stepping-stones 

Of their dead selves to higher things. 

— In Memoriam. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



65 



DR. JOHN BROWN 

Birthplace — Biggar, Scotland. 

Date of Birth — 1810. (September 22d.) 

Early Life — In Biggar and Edinburgh. 

Education — Taught by his father till twelve years of 

age. Academy and high-school in Edinburgh. 

Edinburgh University. Studied medicine. 
Occupation — Physician. Essayist. 
Works — Essays. Rab and His Friends. 
Residence-— Edinburgh. 
Death— 1882. (May nth.) 

Dr. Brown was a great lover of dogs, and his literary 
fame arises from the story kk Rab and His Friends." 

The laws of physiology and snuff take their course. 

— Rab and His Friends. 



66 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY 

Birthplace — Calcutta. 
Date of Birth — 1811. 
Early Life — India and England. 

Education — School at Chiswick. Charterhouse, Lon- 
don. Trinity College, Cambridge. 

Occupation — Artist. Author. Editor. Lecturer. 

Works — Paris Sketch Book. Irish Sketch Book. Henry 
Esmond. The Xewcomes. The Virginians. 
The Rose and the Ring. The Four Georges. 

Travels — Ireland. Switzerland. Italy. America. France. 
Germany. 

Residence — Kensington. London. 

Death — 1863. (December 23d.) 

Come wealth or want, come good or ill, 
Let young and old accept their part. 

— The End of the Play. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



f>7 



ROBERT BROWNING 

Birthplace — Camberwel] London. 

Date or Birth — 1812. 

Early Life — London and vicinity. 

Education — School at Peckham and private tutor. Uni- 
versity College, London. 

Occupation — Poet. Foreign correspondent to Royal 
Academy. 

Works — The Blot on the 'Scutcheon. Pippa Passes. 

Pied Piper of Hamelin. Evelyn Hope. 
Travels — Italy. Russia. 

Residence — Italy (chiefly Rome and Florence). Lon- 
don. 

Death — 1889. (December 16th.) Venice. Buried 
Westminster Abbey. 

"For a guilder I'd my ermine gown sell ; 
I wish I were a mile hence!'' 

— The Pied Piper of Hamelin, 



68 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



CHARLES DICKENS 

Birthplace — Landport, Portsmouth, England. 
Date of Birth — 1812. (February 7th.) 
Early Life — London. 

Education — In a lawyer's office. College near Rochester. 

Occupation — Author. Editor. Lecturer. 

Works — Pickwick Papers. Oliver Twist. Old Curiosity 
Shop. David Copperfield. Bleak House. Tale 
of Two Cities. Our Mutual Friend. 

Travels — America. France. Italy. Switzerland. 

Residence — England. 

Death — 1870. (June 9th.) Buried in Westminster 
Abbey. 

"Our whole life, Travellers," said I, "is a story more or less 
intelligible — generally less; but we shall read it by a clearer light 
when it is ended." 

— The Seven Poor Travellers. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



69 



GEORGE ELIOT 

(Mary Ann Evans — Mrs. Cross) 

' Birthplace — Nuneaton, Warwickshire. 
Date of Birth — 1819. (November 22<±) 
Early Life — In the country. 

Education — Schools in Nuneaton and Coventry. Stud- 
ied at home. 

Occupation — Novelist and poet. Assistant editor of 

Westi n inster R ez new. 
Novels — Adam Bede. Mill on the Floss. Silas Marner. 

Romola. Felix Holt. 
Poems — The Spanish Gypsy. Agatha. 
Travels — Germany. Italy. Spain. 
Residence — London. 

Death — 1880. (December 22d.) Chelsea. 

I've been a great deal happier since I have given up thinking 
about what is easy and pleasant and being discontented because I 
couldn't have my own will. Our life is determined for us ; and it 
makes the mind very free when we give up wishing, and only 
think of bearing what is laid upon us and doing what is given us 
to do. 



7 o 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



JOHN RUSKIN 

Birthplace — London. 

Date of Birth — 1819. (February 8th.) 

Education — Oxford. 

Occupation — Artist. Art critic. Author. 

Writings — Modern Painters (his masterpiece). Seven 
Lamps of Architecture. The King of the Gold- 
en Rivers. 

Travels — Switzerland. Scotland. France. Italy. 
Residence — Brantwood at Coniston, in the Lake Country. 
Death — 1900. (January 20th.) 

Created the Literature of Art. 

Every duty we omit obscures some truth we should have 
known. 

Do not think it waste of time to submit yourself to any influ- 
ence which may bring upon you any noble feeling. 



7t 



MATTHEW ARNOLD 

Birthplace — Laleham, Middlesex. 

Date of Birth — 1822. (December 24th.) 

Education — School at Laleham. Rugby. Winchester. 

Balliol College, Oxford. 
Occupation — Master at Rugby. Inspector of Schools. 

Professor of Poetry, Oxford. Poet, essayist 

and critic. 

Poetical Works — The Forsaken Merman. Sohrab and 
Rustrum. Balder Dead. A Summer Night. 
Westminster Abbey. 

Prose Works — On Translating Homer. Essays on Crit- 
icism. Culture and Anarchy. Discourses in 
America. 

Travels — Europe and America. 

Death — 1888. (April 15th.) At Liverpool. Buried at 
Laleham. 

One lesson, Nature, iet me learn of thee, 
One lesson which in every wind is blown, 
One lesson of two duties kept as one — 
Though the loud world proclaim their enmity — 

Of toil unsevered from tranquillity! 
Of labor, that in lasting fruit outgrows 
Far noisier schemes, accomplish'd in repose, 
Too great for haste, too high for rivalry ! 

—Quiet Work. 



72 



ONE III r NDRED ATTIIORS 



ADELAIDE ANNE PROCTER 

(Mary Berwick) 

Birthplace — London. 

Date of Birth — 1825. (October 5th.) 

Occupation — Author. 

Poems — Legends and Lyrics. A Chaplet of Verses. 

Residence — London. 

Death — 1864. (February 2d.) 

Daughter of Bryan Waller Procter. 

No star is lost we ever once have seen. 
We always may be what we once have been, 
The hopes that lost in some far distance seem, 
May be the truer life and this the dream. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



73 



MRS. OLIPHANT 

Birthplace — Wallingford, near Musselburg, Scotland. 
Date of Birth — 1828. 
Early Life — Scotland. 
Occupation — Author. 

Works — Salem Chapel. The Minister's Wife. A Little 

Pilgrim. 
Residence — Windsor. 
Death — 1897. I n London. 

Hers was a life of patient self-sacrifice and loving ser- 
vice to others. 



And as for suffering, that matters little, you get experience 
by it. You are more accomplished and fit for greater work in the 
end. — A Little Pilgrim. 



74 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



JEAN INGELOW 

Birthplace — Boston, England. 

Date of Birth — 1830. 

Early Life — In Lincolnshire, England. 

Education — At home. 

Occupation — Poet. Author. 

Poems — High Tide on the Coast of Lincolnshire. Songs 
of Seven. Divided. My Son's Wife Elizabeth. 
Residence — Boston. Kensington. 
Death— 1897. (July 19th.) London. 

Heighho, daisies and buttercups, 

Fair yellow daffodils, stately and tall — 
A sunshiny world full of laughter and leisure, 

And fresh hearts unconscious of sorrow and thrall ! 
Send down on their pleasure smiles passing its measure. 

God that is over us all. — Songs of Seven. 

An empty sky, a world of heather, 
Purple of foxglove, yellow of broom ; 

We two among them wading together, 
Shaking out honey, treading perfume. 

Crowds of bees are giddy with clover, 
Crowds of grasshoppers skip at our feet, 

Crowds of larks at their matins hang over, 
Thanking the Lord for a life so sweet. 

— Divided. 



AMERICAN LITERATURE 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



77 



AMERICAN LITERATURE 



Colonial Age — 1640- 1760. 

Works Chiefly Theological. 
Representatives : 

Jonathan Edwards. 

Cotton Mather. 



Revolutionary Age — 1760- 1830. 

Works Chiefly Political and Patriotic. 
Representatives : 

James Otis. 

Patrick Henry. 

Benjamin Franklin. 



American Age — 1830 — 
Prose and Poetry. 

American Literature received world recognition. 
Representatives : 

See Individual Outlines. 



?8 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



BENJAMIN FRANKLIN 

Birthplace — Boston, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1706. (January 17th.) 
Early Life — Boston. Philadelphia. London. 
Education — At home. 

Occupation — Journeyman printer. Statesman. Scien- 
tist. Author. Representative of the Colonies in 
England. Ambassador to France. 

Works — Poor Richard's Almanac. His autobiography. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — England. France. 

Residence — Philadelphia. London. Paris. 

Death — 1790. (April 17th.) Philadelphia. 

"The peculiar charm of his writings . . . consist- 
ed in the clearness with which he saw his object, and the 
bold and steady pursuit of it by the surest and shortest 
road." — Lord Jeffrey. 

Fools make feasts and wise men eat them. 

— Poor Richard's Almanac. 

He that by the plough would thrive, 
Himself must either hold or drive. 

— Poor Richard's Almanac. 



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79 



THOMAS JEFFERSON 

Birthplace — Shadwell, Albermarle Co., Va. 

Date of Birth — 1743, old style. (April 2d.) 

Early Life — Shadwell and Williamsburg. 

Education — Common school. Private tutor. William 
and Mary, 1762. Studied law. 

Occupation — Lawyer. Farmer. Politician. Governor 
of Virginia. Congressman. Minister to France. 
Secretary of State under Washington. Vice- 
President under Adams. Twice President. 

Works — Rights of British America. Notes on Virginia. 

Manual of Parliamentary Practice. Declaration 
of Independence. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — France. England. Italy. 
Germany. Holland. 

Residence — Varied, chiefly Monticello, Va. 

Death— 1826. (July 4th.) 

Founder of the University of Virginia. 

Perfect happiness was never intended by the Deity to be the 
lot of any one of his creatures in this world. 



8o 



ONE HUNDRED ACT MORS 



JOSEPH HOPKINSON 

Birthplace — Philadelphia, Pa. 

Date of Birth — 1770. (November 12th.) 

Early Like — In Philadelphia. 

Education — University of Pennsylvania, 1786. 

Occupation — Jurist. Congressman. 

Works — Hail Columbia. Many papers for Philadelphia 
Academy of Fine Arts, and American Philo- 
sophical Society. 

Residence — Easton, Philadelphia. 

Death — 1842. (January 15th.) 

Defended Judge Chase when that jurist was impeached 
before United States Senate. 

Let independence be our boast, 

Ever mindful what it cost. — Hail Columbia. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 81 



HENRY CLAY 

Birthplace — Hanover County, Va. 

Date of Birth — 1777. (April 12th.) 

Early Life — In Richmond, as clerk in a store, and copy- 
ing clerk of Chancery Court. 

Education — Received almost no schooling. Studied law. 

Occupation — Lawyer. Orator. Statesman. Speaker 
of the House of Representatives for thirteen 
years. Secretary of State under Adams. Con- 
gressman. Senator. 

Speeches — On the Bank Charter. On the Emancipation 
of South America. On the Seminole War. In 
Defence of the American System. The Mis- 
souri Compromise. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — Europe. Cuba. 

Residence — Lexington, Ky. Richmond, Va. Washing- 
ton. 

Death — 1852. (June 29th.) At Washington. 

"Take him all in all, we must regard him as the first 
of American orators/' — Part on. 

We have mutual faults; neither of us is perfect; nothing in 
the form of humanity is perfect; let us then be kind to each 
other, — forbearing, forgiving each other's faults — and above all, 
let us live in happiness and peace together. 

— Speech on the Compromise Resolution, 1830, 



82 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



FRANCIS SCOTT KEY 

Birthplace — Frederick County, Maryland. 
Date of Birth — 1779. (August 1st.) 
Education — St. John's College, Annapolis. Studied 
law. 

Occupation — Jurist. Poet. 

Works — The Star- Spangled Banner and other poems. 
Residence — Fredericktown. Washington. 
Death — 1843. (January nth.) Baltimore, Md. 

The Star-Spangled Banner was written while Mr. Key 
was detained in the British fleet during the bombardment 
of Ft. McHenry. 

'Tis the star-spangled banner, O lowg may it wave, 
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. 

— (The Star-Spangled Banner. 



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83 



WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING 

Birthplace — Newport, R. I. 
Date of Birth — 1780. (April 7th.) 
Early Life — In Rhode Island. 
Education — Harvard, 1798. 

Occupation — Schoolteacher. Author. Unitarian min- 
ister. 

Writings — Life and Character of Napoleon Bonaparte. 

Character and Writings of John Milton. Es- 
says on Negro Slavery. 

Lectures — Self-Culture. Evidences of Christianity. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — England. France. Switzer- 
land. Italy. West Indies. 

Residence — Boston. 

Death — 1842. (October 2d.) Bennington, Vt. 

"He wrote, not for himself, but as one dedicated to the 
truth/'— Dr. Peabody. 

* * * On thy march be more 
Friendly to the friendless than thou wast before. 

— Sleepy Hollow. 



84 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



JOHN C. CALHOUN 

Birthplace — Abbeville District, South Carolina. 
Date of Birth — 1782. (March.) 
Early Life — In South Carolina. 

Education — Village academy. Private instruction. Yale, 
1804. Law school, Litchfield, Conn. 

Occupation — Lawyer. Congressman. Secretary of 
War. Vice-President under Adams and Jack- 
son. Senator. Secretary of State. 

Works — Speeches. The Nature of Government. Dis- 
course on the Constitution and Government of 
the United States. 

Residence — Washington. 

Death — 1850. (March.) At Washington. 

Society can no more exist without government in one for 
another, than man without society. 

— Speech on the Oregon Bill 



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85 



DANIEL WEBSTER 

Birthplace — Salisbury, N. H. 

Date of Birth— 1782. (January 18th.) 

Early Life — At Salisbury. 

Education — At home and in common schools. Exeter 
Academy. Dartmouth College, 1801. 

Occupation — Statesman. Jurist. Orator. Congress- 
man. Senator. 

Works — Bunker Hill Oration. Adams and Jefferson. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — England. Scotland. France. 

Residence — Boston. Marshfield, Mass. 

Death — 1852. (October 24th.) 

"He is a magnificent specimen. As a logic-fencer, ad- 
vocate, or parliamentary Hercules, one would incline to 
back him, at first sight, against all the extant world." — 
Carlyle. 

No age will come in which the American Revolution will ap- 
pear less than it is, one of the greatest events in human history. 

— Adams and Jefferson. 

Let the sacred obligations which have developed on this gen- 
eration and on US; sink deep into our hearts. 

— The Bunker Hill Monument. 



S6 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



WASHINGTON IRVING 

Birthplace — New York city. 
Date of Birth — 1783. (April 3d.) 
Early Life — In New York city. 

Education — In the schools of New York. Studied law. 
Occupation — Author. Merchant. U. S. Minister to 
Spain. 

Early Works — History of New York by Diedrich 

Knickerbocker. Sketch Book. 
Later Works — The Alhambra. Adventures of Captain 

Bonneville. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — France. Italy. Switzer- 
land. Holland. England. Spain. 
Residence — New York. England. Paris. Madrid. 

Sunnyside on the Hudson. 
Death — 1859. (November 28th.) Irvington, N. Y. 

"For an easy elegance of style, Irving has no superior, 
perhaps no equal, among the prose-writers of America." 

In rural life there is nothing mean or debasing. It leads a 
man forth among scenes of natural grandeur and beauty ; it 
leaves him to the workings of his own mind, operated upon by 
the purest and most elevating external influences. 

* — Rural Life in England. 

There is in every true woman's heart a spark of heavenly fire 
which lies dormant in the broad daylight of prosperity, but 
kindles up and beams and blazes in the dark hour of adversity, 

—The Wife, Sketch Book. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



*7 



JAMES FENIMORE COOPER 

Birthplace — Burlington, N. J. 

Date of Birth — 1789, (September 15th.) 

Early Life — On shore of Otsego Lake, New York. 

Education — Village school and private instruction. Yale 

College, 1 802- 1 805. 
Occupation — Midshipman. Novelist. 
Works — The Spy. The Pilot. Red Rover. Leather 

Stocking Tales. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — Europe. 
Residence — New York city. Europe. Cooperstown, 

N. Y. 

Death — 185 1. (September 14th.) 

"He wrote for mankind at large. . . . The crea- 
tions of his genius shall survive through centuries to 
come." — W. C. Bryant. 

Fair play's a jewel. — The Pioneers. 

More light and swift than thou none thread the sea, 
With surer keel or steadier on its path, 

We brave each waste of ocean mystery 

And laugh to hear the howling tempest's wrath, 
For we are thine, 

My brigantine. — My Brigantine. 



88 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



FITZ-GREENE HALLECK 

Birthplace — Guilford, Conn. 
Date of Birth — 1790. (July 8th.) 
Early Life — In Guilford and New York. 
Education — Had but few advantages in the way of 
schooling. 

Occupation — Clerk. Merchant. Poet. 

Poems — Fanny. Twilight. Burns. Marco Bozzaris. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — England and the Continent. 

Residence — New York and Guilford. 

Death — 1867. (November 19th.) 

"In no poet can be found passages which flow with 
more sweet and liquid smoothness." — William Cttllen 
Bryant. 

Strike — 'till the last armed foe expires ; 
Strike — for your altars and your fires ; 
Strike — for the green graves of your sires ; 
God, and your native land ! 

—Marco Bozzaris. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



89 



LYDIA H. SIGOURNEY 

Birthplace — Norwich, Conn. 

Date of Birth — 1791. (September 1st.) 

Occupation — Teacher. Poet. Author. 

Prose Works — Letters of Life. Pleasant Memories of 

Pleasant Lands. 
Poems — The Aborigines of America. Pocahontas. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — Europe. 
Residence — Hartford, Conn. 
Death — 1865. (Tune 10th.) 

They're all at home, long ago, 
At home, where never a sorrow 
Shall dim their eyes with tears ! 
Where the smile of God is on them 
Through all the summer years. 

— Are All the Children Home? 



9° 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



JOHN HOWARD PAYNE 

Birthplace — New York city. 

Date of Birth — 1792. (June 9th.) 

Early Life — At East Hampton, L. I. 

Education — Union College, Schenectady. 

Occupation — Actor and dramatist. Editor. American 

Consul at Tunis. 
Works — Therese or The Orphan of Geneva. Clari (from 

which opera comes "Home, Sweet Home"). 
Visits to Foreign Lands — England. Tunis. 
Residence — Varied : New York. England. Tunis. 
Death — 1852. (April 10th.) Tunis. 

'Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam, 
Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home. 

— Oari, the Maid of Milan. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



9i 



EDWARD EVERETT 

Birthplace — Dorchester, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1794. (April nth.) 
Early Life — In Boston. 

Education — School in Boston. Exeter Academy. Har- 
vard, 181 1. Gottingen. 

Occupation — Unitarian minister. Orator, scholar and 
statesman. Editor. President of Harvard. Con- 
gressman. Senator. Secretary of State. Min- 
ister to England. 

Works— The Pilgrim Fathers. Life of Washington. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — England and the Continent. 

Residence — Boston and vicinity. London. 

Death — 1865. (January 15th.) Boston. 

There are occasions in life when a great mind lives years of 
rapt enjoyment in a moment. — The Uses of Astronomy. 



9-' 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT 

Birthplace — Cummington, Mass. 

Date of Birth — 1794. (November 3d.) 

Education — District school. Williams College, 1810- 

1812. Left college to study law. 
Occupation — Lawyer. Poet. Journalist. 
Poems — Thanatopsis. To a Waterfowl. Forest Hymn. 

My Country's Call. The Battlefield. 
Prose Works — Letters of a Traveler. Letters from 

Spain and Other Countries. 
Translations— The Iliad. The Odyssey. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — France. Germany. Italy. 

Egypt. Syria. 
Residence — New York. 
Death — 1878. (June 12th.) New York. 

"No poet has described with more fidelity the beauties 
of [lie creation, nor sung in nobler song the greatness of 
the Creator." — Griszvold. 

To him who in the love of nature holds 
Communion with her visible forms, she speaks 
A various language; for his gayer hours 
She has a voice of gladness, and a smile 
And eloquence of beauty, and she glides 
Into his darker musings with a mild 
And healing sympathy, that steals away 
Their sharpness ere he is aware. 

— Thanatopsis. 



ONE 



HUNDRED AUTHORS 



93 



HORACE MANN 

Birthplace — Franklin, Mass. 

Date of Birth — 1796. (May 4th.) 

Education — Brown University, 1819. Law school at 

Litchfield, Conn. 
Occupation — Lawyer. Secretary of Massachusetts 

Board of Education. Member of Congress. 

President of Antioch College, Yellow Springs, 

Ohio. 

Works — Lectures on Education. Letters and Speeches 

on Slavery. Intemperance. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — Europe. 
Residence— Dedham, Mass. Boston. 
Death — 1859. (August 2d.) Yellow Springs, Ohio. 

. "He will be remembered till the history of Massa- 
chusetts is forgotten, as one of her greatest benefactors. " 
— Edward Everett. 



Temptation is a fearful word; the ringing of an alarm bell, 
whose melancholy sound may reverberate through all eternity. 



94 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



WILLIAM H. PRESCOTT 

Birthplace — Salem, Mass. 

Date of Birth — 1796. (May 4th.) 

Early Life — Salem. Boston. Cambridge. 

Education — Private school in Boston. Harvard, 1814. 

Occupation — Historian. 

Works — History of Ferdinand and Isabella. Conquest 

of Mexico. Conquest of Peru. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — England. France. Italy. 
Residence — Boston. 
Death — 1859. (January 28th,) 

"His criticism, full at once of good sense and acute- 
ness, was never deceived in the choice of documents, and 
his discernment is as remarkable as his good faith." — 
Prosper M erimee. 

"In the transparent simplicity and undimmed beauty 
and candor of his style were read the endearing qualities 
of his soul." — Cornelius C. Felton. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



95 



GEORGE BANCROFT 

Birthplace — Worcester, Mass. 

Date of Birth — 1800. (October 3d.) 

Early Life — Worcester, Mass. Exeter, N. H. 

Education— Academy at Exeter. Harvard, 1817. Got- 
tingen, Berlin and Heidelberg. 

Occupation — Historian. Scholar and author. Held va- 
rious political offices, at home and abroad. 

Works — Poems. Translations of Heeren's writings. 

History of the United States. Life and Char- 
acter of Abraham Lincoln. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — Germany. Switzerland. 
Italy. 

Residence — New York. Washington, D. C. 
Death — 1891. (January 17th.) Washington, D. C. 

He [John Adams] was the Martin Luther of the American 
Revolution, born to utter his convictions fearlessly by an im- 
pulse which forbade him acting otherwise. — John Adams. 



9 6 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



GEORGE D. PRENTICE 

Birthplace — Preston, Conn. 

Date of Birth — 1802. (December 18th.) 

Early Life — In Connecticut. 

Education — Brown University, 1823. Studied law. 
Occupation — Poet. Editor. Author. 
Works — Life of Henry Clay. The Closing Year. 
Residence — Hartford, Conn, Louisville, Ky. 
Death — 1870. (January 22d.) Louisville. 

Principal of public school before he was fifteen years 
of age. 



But time knows not the weight of sleep and weariness; 
And night's deep darkness has no chain to bind his rushing 
pinion. — The Closing Year. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



97 



LYDIA MARIA CHILD 



Birthplace — Medford, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1802. (February nth.) 
Education — Common school. Private instruction. 
Occupation — Schoolteacher. Author. Editor. 
Works — Hobomok. The Rebels: A Tale of the Revo- 
lution. Philothea. 
Residence — New York city and Wayland, Mass. 
Death — 1880. (October 20th.) Wayland, Mass. 

Read in North American Review of the field offered 
to novelists by early New England History. As a result, 
wrote the first chapter of Hobomok. It was published 
within six weeks. 

Nothing should be thrown away so long as it is possible to 
use it, however trifling that use may be. 

— The Frugal Housewife, 



9« 



ONE HUNDRED 



AUTHORS 



JACOB ABBOTT 

Birthplace — Hallowell, Me. 

Date of Birth — 1803. (November 14th.) 

Early Life — Spent at home. 

Education — Bowdoin College, 1820. Andover Divinity 
School. 

Occupation — Professor at Amherst. Congregational 
minister. Author. 

Works — The Young Christian. The Rollo Books. Hun- 
ter and Tom. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — Europe. 

Residence — New York city (when not traveling). 

Death— 1879. (October 31st.) Farmingham, Me. 

You can't have the pleasure of command without the responsi- 
bility. — Hunter and Tom. 



J 

ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



99 



RALPH WALDO EMERSON 

Birthplace— Boston, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1803. (May 25th.) 
Early Life — In Boston. 
Education — Harvard, 1821. 

Occupation — Essayist and poet. Lecturer and editor. 

Prose Works — English Traits. Representative Men. 

Essays: Self-Reliance. The Over-Soul. Com- 
pensation. Culture. 

Poems — May-Day and Other Pieces. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — Sicily. Italy. Florence. 
England. 

Residence — Boston and Concord, Mass. 
Death— 1882. (April 27th.) 

"Mr. Emerson is distinguished for a singular union 
of poetic imagination with practical acuteness." — 
Whipple. 

There is 110 beautifier of complexion, or form, or behavior, 
like the wish to scatter joy and not pain around us. 



L.ofC. 



I no 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE 

Birthplace — Salem,, Mass. 

Date of Birth — 1804. (July 4th.) 

Early Life — In Salem. 

Education — Bowdoin, 1825. (See Longfellow.) 
Occupation — Author. Surveyor of Customs, Salem. 

Consul at Liverpool. 
Early Works — Twice-Told Tales. Grandfather's Chair. 

Mosses from an Old Manse. 
Later Works — The Scarlet Letter. The Marble Faun. 

House of the Seven Gables. 
Visits to Foreign Lands— England and the Continent. 
Residence — Salem. Liverpool. Concord. 
Death — 1864. (May 19th.) Plymouth. 

"His style . . ! is clear as running waters are." — 
H. W. Longfellow. 

"The humor of Hawthorne presents traits so fine as to 
be almost too excellent for popularity." — Edwin P. 
Whipple. 

Where is he that sustains, for a single year, the burden of such 
manifold duties as are imposed, in perpetuity, upon the Town 
Pump? The title of "town treasurer'' is rightfully mine, as 
guardian of the best treasure that the town has. The overseers 
of poor ought to make me their chairman, since I provide bounti- 
fully for the pauper, without expense to him that pays taxes. 
I am at the head of the fire department, and one of the physi- 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



101 



cians to the board of health. As a keeper of the peace, all water 
drinkers will confess me equal to the constable. I perform 
some of the duties of the town clerk, by promulgating public 
notices, when they are posted on my front. To speak within 
bounds, I am the chief person of the municipality, and exhibit, 
moreover, an admirable pattern to my brother officers, by the 
cool, steady, upright, downright, impartial discharge of my busi- 
ness, and the constancy with which I stand to my post. 

— A Rill from the Town Pump. 



102 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



NATHANIEL PARKER WILLIS 

Birthplace — Portland, Me. 

Date of Birth — 1806. (January 20th.) 

Early Life — In Portland and Boston. 

Education — Yale College, 1827. 

Occupation — Editor. Author. Poet. 

Poems — Melanie. Healing of the Daughter of Jairus. 

Prose Writings — Rural Letters. Famous Persons and 

Places. Pencillings by the Way. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — Italy. Greece. Asia Minor. 

Turkey. 

Residence — Varied. At the time of his death, Idle- 
wild on the Hudson River. 
Death — 1867. (January 20th.) 

"As a writer of 'sketches' . . . Mr. Willis is un- 
equalled. . , . Asa poet [he] is not entitled, I think, 
to so high a rank as he may justly claim through his 
prose/' — Edgar Allan Poc. 

Oh, how poor 
Seems the rich gift of genius when it lies, 
Like the adventurous bird that hath outflown 
His strength upon the sea, ambition wrecked, 
A thing the thrush might pity as she sits, 
Brooding in quiet, on her lowly nest. 

—The Dying Alchymist 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW 

Birthplace — Portland, Me. 

Date of Birth — 1807. (February 27th.) 

Early Life — In "Portland near the sea." 

Education — Portland Academy. Bowdoin College, 1825. 

Occupation — Poet, author and scholar. Professor at 

Bowdoin and Harvard. 
Early Poems — An April Day. Autumn. Woods in 

Winter. 

Later Poems — Evangeline. Hiawatha. The Golden 
Legend. 

Prose Works — Outre Mer. Hyperion. Kavanagh. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — France. Spain. Italy. Ger- 
many. Denmark. Sweden. 
Residence — "Cragie House," Cambridge, Mass. 
Death— 1882. (March 24th.) 

"His poetry expresses a universal sentiment in the 
simplest and most melodious manner.' '—George William 
Curtis. 

The heights by great men reached and kept 
Were not attained by sudden flight, 

But they, while their companions slept, 
Were toiling upward in the night. 

— Ladder of St. Augustine. 

Patience ; accomplish thy labor ; accomplish thy work of affection ! 
Sorrow and silence are strong, and patient endurance is godlike. 

— Evangeline. 



io4 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER 

Birthplace — Haverhill, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1807. (December 17th.) 
Early Life — On his father's farm, near Haverhill, Mass. 
Education — Village school. Had few educational ad- 
vantages. 

Occupation — Editor. Poet. Author. 

Early Works — Legends of New England. Moll Pitcher. 

Mogg Megone. 
Later Poems — Songs of Labor. Snow-Bound. The 

Tent on the Beach. Barbara Frietchie. 
Residence — Amesbury, Mass. 
Death — 1892. (September 7th.) 

Early identified himself with the anti-slavery party, in 
support of which many of his finest lyrics were written. 

"His poetry bursts from the soul with the fire and en- 
ergy of an ancient prophet." — Win. Ellery Channing. 

"His writings are characterized by earnestness of tone, 
high moral purpose, and energy of expression. " — George 
S. Hillard. 

There's life alone in duty done, 
And rest alone in striving. 

I feel the earth move sunward, 
I join the great march onward, 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 105 



I take by faith, while living, 
My freehold of thanksgiving. 

To him be the joy forever, we bear 
To the Lord of the Harvest onr wheat with the tare, 
What we lack in our work, may He find in our will, 
And winnow in mercy our good from the ill. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES 

Birthplace — Cambridge, Mass. 

Date of Birth — 1809. (August 29th.) 

Early Life — In Boston and Cambridge. 

Education — Phillips Academy, Andover. Harvard, 1829, 

Harvard Medical School. Studied medicine in 

Paris and other continental cities. 
Occupation — Physician. Author and poet. Professor 

at Dartmouth and Harvard. 
Poems — Evening, by a Tailor. Old Ironsides. The 

Wonderful One-Horse Shay. The Chambered 

Nautilus. 

Prose Works — Autocrat of the Breakfast Table. Elsie 

Venner. Over the Teacups. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — England and the Continent. 
Residence — Boston. 
Death — 1894. (October 7th.) 

"As a poet . . . especially distinguished for wit 
and humor, joined with a remarkable felicity of expres- 
sion/' 

Moral for which this tale is told, 
A horse can trot for all he's old. 

—How the Old Horse Won the Bet. 

Why can't a fellow hear the fine things said 
About a fellow when a fellow's dead. 

—Rip Van Winkle, M. D. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul, 

As the swift seasons roll, 

Leave thy low vaulted past ! 
Let each new temple, nobler than the last, 
Shut thee from Heaven with a dome more vast, 

Till thou at length are free, 
Leaving -thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea ! 

— The Chambered Nautilus. 



ioS ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



EDGAR ALLAN POE 

Birthplace — Boston, Mass. 

Date of Birth — 1809. (January 19th.) 

Early Life — Richmond, Va. London. 

Education — Richmond Academy. School near London. 

University of Virginia. West Point. 
Occupation — Poet. Journalist. Critic. 
Early Poems — Tamerlane. The Valley of Unrest. The 

City in the Sea. Israfel. 
Later Poems — The Raven. The Bells. 
Tales — Manuscript Found in a Bottle. The Fall of the 

House of Usher. The Gold-Bug. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — England and the Continent. 
Residence — Varied: Baltimore. Richmond. New York, 
Death — 1849. (October 7th.) At Baltimore. 

"His poems are constructed with wonderful ingenuity 
and finished with consummate art." — Griswold. 

But the Raven, sitting lonely, on that placid bust, spoke only 
That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did out pour. '1 
Nothing further then he uttered ; not a feather then he fluttered, 
Till I scarcely more than muttered: "Other friends have flown 
before, 

On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before." 
Then the bird said, "Nevermore." 

— The Raven. 



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109 



HORACE GREELEY 

Birthplace — Amherst, N. H. 
Date of Birth — 181 1. (February 3d.) 
Early Life — In New Hampshire, Vermont and Penn- 
sylvania. 

Education — Common school. Learned the printer's 
trade. 

Occupation — Journeyman printer. Farmer. Journalist. 
Congressman. 

Works — Hints Towards Reforms. The American Con- 
flict. Recollections of a Busy Life. Essays on 
Political Economy. 

Residence — New York and vicinity. 

Death — 1872. (November 29th.) 

"Our later Franklin/' — John G. Whittier. 
Founder of the New York Tribune. 



Every child should be trained to dexterity in some useful 
branch of productive industry. 



I TO 



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HARRIET BEECHER STOWE 

Birthplace — Litchfield, Conn. 
Date of Birth — 1812. (June 14th.) 
Early Life — In Litchfield. 

Education — School in Litchfield. Female Seminary at 
Hartford. 

Occupation — Author. Editor. Schoolteacher. 

Works — Uncle Tom's Cabin. Oldtown Folks. The 
Chimney Corner. Dred, a Tale of the Great 
Dismal Swamp. The Minister's Wooing. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — England and the Continent. 

Residence — Hartford, Conn. 

Death — 1896. 

"She has . . . the genius of goodness, not that of 
the man of letters, but of the saint." — George Sand. 

If we want to give sight to the blind, we must do as Christ 
did — call them to us and ''put our hands on them.'' 

— Uncle Tom's Cabin, 



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in 



JOHN S. DWIGHT 

Birthplace — Boston, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1813. (May 13th.) 
Education — Harvard, J832. Divinity School, Cam- 
bridge, 1836. 

Occupation — Unitarian minister. Author. Musical and 

literary critic. Editor. Lecturer. 
Works — A History of Music in Boston. True Rest. 

God Save the State. 
Residence — Boston. 

Death — 1893. (September 5th.) Boston. 

Rest is not quitting 
The busy career; 
Rest is the fitting 
Of self to its sphere. 

Tis loving and serving 

The highest and best! 

'Tis onwards, unswerving, — 

And that is true rest. — True Rest. 



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JOHN MOTLEY 

Birthplace — Dorchester, Mass. 

Date of Birth — 1814. (April 15th.) 

Early Life — In Dorchester and. Cambridge. 

Education — Harvard, 1831. Gottingen and Berlin. 

Occupation — Lawyer. Author. Historian. Represent- 
ed the United States in various foreign coun- 
tries. 

Historical Works — Rise of the Dutch Republic. His- 
tory of the United Netherlands. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — Holland. England. Ger- 
many. France. Russia. Italy. Spain. Guiana. 

Residence — Dorchester, Mass. Dorchester, England. 
The Hague. Berlin. 

Death — 1877. (May 29th.) Dorchester, England. 

"One of the brightest lights of the western hemisphere, 
the high-spirited patriot, . . . the brilliant, the inde- 
fatigable historian, who told us as none before him had 
told the history of the rise and struggle of the Dutch 
Republic." — Dean Stanley. 

Few cavalry rights have attained a wider celebrity in history 
than the fight of Ivry, yet there have been many hard fought 
battles, when the struggle was fiercer and closer, where the 
issue was for a longer time doubtful. 

— History of the United Netherlands. 



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113 



JOHN GODFREY SAXE 

Birthplace — Highgate, Vt. 

Date of Birth — 1816. (June 2d.) 

Early Life — At Highgate. 

Education — Wesleyan. Middlebury College, 1839. 
Studied law. 

Occupation — Lawyer. Editor. Poet. Lecturer. Su- 
perintendent of common schools. Attorney- 
General of Vermont. 

Poems — Progress, A Satire. Little Jerry, the Miller. 
Rhyme of the Rail. 

Residence — Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Death — 1887. (March 31st.) Albany. 

His poems show wit and pathos with an appreciation 
of human nature. 

Singing through the forests; 
Rattling over ridges; 
Shooting under arches; 
Whizzing through the mountains; 
Buzzing o'er the vale- 
Bless me ! this is pleasant, 
Riding on the rail. 

— Rhyme of the Rail 



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HENRY DAVID THOREAU 

Birthplace — Concord, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1817. (July 12th.) 
Early Life — Concord, Mass. 

Education — School in Boston and Concord. Harvard. 

1837. 

Occupation — Naturalist. Teacher. Lecturer. Author. 
Surveyor. 

Works — A Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers. 

Cape Cod. Walden, or Life in the Woods. 
Residence — Concord, Mass. 
Death — 1862. (May 6th.) Concord. 

"Mr. Thoreau dedicated his genius with such entire 
love to the fields, hills and waters of his native town that 
he made them known and interesting to all reading 
Americans and to people over the sea." — Nathaniel Haw 
thorne. 

Spirit of lakes and seas and rivers, 

Bear only perfumes and the scent 

Of healing herbs to just men's fields. — Mist. 



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115 



HENRY W. SHAW 

(Josh Billings) 

Birthplace — Lanesborough, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1818. (April 21st.) 
Early Life — On a farm. 

Education — Hamilton College for a short time in 1832. 
Occupation — Farmer. Steamboat captain. Auctioneer. 

Lecturer. Humorist. 
Works — Josh Billings, His Sayings. Josh Billings on 

Ice. Every Boddy's Friend. Trump Kards. 
Residence — Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Death— 1885. (October 14th.) Monterey, Cal. 

If i want tew git at the trew karkter ov a man, i studdy his 
vizes more than i due his virtews. 



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J. G. HOLLAND 

(Timothy Titcomb) 

Birth flace — Belchertown. Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1819. (July 24th.) 
Early Life — In Belchertown. 
Education — Berkshire Medical College, 1844. 
Occupation— Physician. Editor. Lecturer. Author 
Poet. 

Novels — The Bay-Path. Arthur Bonnicastle. 
Poems — Bittersweet. Kathrina. 
Residence — Much of the time in New York. 
Death — 1881. (October 12th.) 

Heaven is not reached at a single bound, 
But we build the ladder by which we rise, 
From the lowly earth to the vaulted skies, 
And we mount to the summit, round by round. 

— Gradatim. 



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117 



JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL 

Birthplace — Cambridge, Mass. 

Date of Birth — 1819. (February 22d.) 

Early Life — In Cambridge. 

Education — Harvard, 1838. Law school. 

Occupation — Poet, critic and scholar. Editor, essayist 
and lecturer. Professor at Harvard. Repre- 
sentative of our Government in England and 
Spain. 

Early Poems — A Legend of Brittany. Biglow Papers. 
Later Poems — A Fable for Critics. Vision of Sir 
Launfal. 

Prose Works — Among My Books. My Study Windows. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — England. Spain. 
Residence — Spain. England. Cambridge, Mass. 
Death — 1891. (August 12th.) 

"Among the poets of America Lowell is distinguished 
by the great range as well as by the versatility of his 
powers. " 

Not what we give, but what we share. 

— Vision of Sir Launfal 

Kindlier to me the place of birth 
That first my tottering foot-steps trod, 
There may be fairer spots of earth, 
But all their glories are not worth 
The virtue of the native sod. 

— An Invitation. 



n8 ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



EDWIN P. WHIPPLE 

Birthplace — Gloucester, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1819. (March 8th.) 
Early Life — In Salem. 
Education — Salem high-school. 

Occupation — Critic, essayist and lecturer. Magazine 
writer. Clerk in Boston Bank. Superintendent 
of Library of Merchants' Exchange. Editor. 

Works — Essays and Reviews ("Byron," "English 
Poets of the Nineteenth Century," "Henry 
Fielding," "Rufus Choate"). Literature and 
Life. Character and Characteristic Men. Amer- 
ican Literature and Other Papers. 

Residence — Gloucester. Salem. Boston. 

Death— 1886. (June 16th.) 

A master-critic. 

A good book is the precious life blood of a master spirit em- 
balmed and treasured up on purpose for a life beyond life. 

— Books. 



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ALICE CARY 

Birthplace— Mount Healthy, near Cincinnati, O. 

Date of Birth — 1820. (April 26th.) 

Early Life — On her father's farm. 

Education — Limited. Village school. 

Occupation — Poet. Novelist. Wrote for magazines 
and other literary periodicals. 

Works — Clovernook Papers. Lyra and Other Poems. 

Pictures of Country Life. The Lover's Diary. 
Lyrics and Hymns. The Bishop's Son. Snow- 
Berries. 

Residence — New York city. 

Death — 1871. (February 12th.) New York city. 

"Her verses are marked by a rare delicacy and finish. 
. . . Her prose is remarkable for its fresh grace and 
realistic character." 

In the water softly dimpled — ■ 

In the flower-enameled sod — 
How beautifully exampled 

Is the providence of God. 

From the insect's little story 

To the farthest star above, 
All are waves of glory, glory, 

In the ocean of his love. 

—May Verses. 



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THOMAS B. READ 

Birthplace — Chester County, Pa. 

Date of Birth — 1822. (March 12th.) 

Education — Attended school at intervals while learning 

cigar-making, sign-painting, etc. Studied art in 

Italy. 

Occupation — Poet and author. Sculptor. 

Poems — The House by the Sea. Sheridan's Ride. The 
Good Samaritan. 

Prose Works — The Pilgrims of the Great St. Barnard. 

Paintings — The Spirit of the Waterfall. Longfellow's 
Children. Sheridan's Ride. 

Sculpture — Bust of Sheridan. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — Italy. England. 

Residence — Rome, Italy. Spent much time in Philadel- 
phia and Cincinnati. 

Death — 1872. (May nth.) New York city. 

"His poems are marked by a fervent spirit of patriotism 
and by artistic power and fidelity in the description of 
American scenery and rural life." 

The gray barns looking from their hazy hills, 
O'er the dim waters widening in the vales, 
Sent down the air a greeting to the mills 
On the dull thunder of alternate flails. 

— The Closing Scene. 



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121 



PHOEBE CARY 

Birthplace — Mount Healthy, near Cincinnati, O. 

Date of Birth — 1824. (September 4th.) 

Early Life — On her father's farm. 

Education — Limited, though more thorough than her 

sister's. (See Alice Gary.) 
Occupation — Poet and author. Wrote very little prose. 
Works — Poems and Parodies. Poems of Faith, Hope 

and Love. Many hymns. 
Residence — New York city. 
Death — 1871. (July 31st.) Newport, R. I. 

Sometimes I think the things we see 
Are shadows of the things to be; 

That what we plan we build ; 
That every hope that has been crossed, 
And every dream we thought was lost 

In heaven shall be fulfilled. 

—Dreams and Realities. 



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GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS 

Birthplace — Providence, R. I. 

Date of Birth — 1824. (February 24th.) 

Education — Jamaica Plain, Mass. 

Occupation — Clerk. Farmer. Editor. Author. Lec- 
turer. Chancellor of the University of New 
York. 

Works — Lotus-Eating. The Potiphar Papers. Prue and 
I. Trumps. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — Germany. Egypt. Syria. 
Italy. 

Residence — Near New York. 

Death — 1892. (August 31st.) Staten Island, N. Y. 

Conducted "Editor's Easy Chair/' in Harper's 
Monthly. 

A man's country is not a certain area of mountains, rivers and 
woods, but it is principle. 

The depth may be calm, although the surface is dancing. 

— Prue and I. 



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123 



BAYARD TAYLOR 

Birthplace — Kennett Square, Chester Co., Pa. 
Date of Birth — 1825. (January nth.) 
Early Life — In Pennsylvania. 

Education — Common school. Academy in West Ches- 
ter. Unionville Academy. 

Occupation — Author and poet. Editor. Lecturer. 
Minister to Germany. 

Works — Story of Kennett. Views Afoot. Poems of the 
Orient. Translation of Goethe's Faust. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — Europe. Africa. Syria. 
China. Japan. Iceland. 

Residence — Varied. At time of death, Berlin. 

Death — 1878. (December 19th.) 

A noted traveler. 

Their tawny hills shall bleed their purple wine, 

Their valleys yield their oil ; 
And Music, with her eloquence divine, 

Persuade thy sons to toil. 



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STEPHEN C. FOSTER 

Birthplace — Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Date of Birth — 1826. (July 4th.) 

Education — School at Towanda, Pa. Academy at 

Athens, Pa. Jefferson College. Private tutors. 
Occupation — Song-composer. Musician. Clerk. 
Works — My Old Kentucky Home. Old Folks at Home. 

Old Dog Tray. Old Black Joe. 
Residence — Pittsburgh and New York city. 
Death — 1864. (January 13th.) New York. 

A few more days and the trouble all will end, 
In the fields where the sugar-cane grows. 

—My Old Kentucky Home. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



1 25 



LUCY LARCOM 

Birthplace — Beverly Farms, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1826. 
Early Life — In Beverly and Lowell. 
Education — Common school. Seminary, Monticello, 111. 
Occupation — Mill girl at Lowell. Teacher. Author. 
Editor. 

Works — Ships in the Mist and Other Stories. An Idyl 
of Work. Childhood Songs. Wild Roses of 
Cape Ann. Hillside and Seaside in Poetry. 

Residence — Beverly Farms, Mass. 

Death — 1893. (April 17th.) Boston. 

You plow the arbutus from her hills, 

Hew down her mountain laurel, 

Their place, as best she can, she fills 

With humbler blossoms, so she wills 

To close with you her quarrel. —Fallow. 



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HELEN HUNT JACKSON 

(H. H.) 

Birthplace — Amherst, Mass. 
Date of Birth — 1831. (October 18th.) 
Education — School in Ipswich, Mass., and under in- 
struction of Rev. J. S. C. Abbott of New York. 
Occupation — Author and poet. 

Works — Verses by H. H. Bits of Travel. Sonnets and 

Lyrics. A Century of Dishonor. Ramona. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — Germany. Italy. 
Residence — Colorado Springs. 
Death — 1885. (August 12th.) San Francisco. 

Nothing can be so bad as to be displeased with oneself. 

—Ramona. 



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127 



LOUISA M. ALCOTT 

Birthplace — Germantown, in Philadelphia. 

Date of Birth — 1832. (November 29th.) 

Early Life — Boston. Concord, Mass. 

Education — Never went to school, but was instructed 

by her father. Taught for a time by Thoreau. 
Occupation — Schoolteacher. Author. 
Works — Little Women. An Old-Fashioned Girl. Little 

Men. Aunt Jo's Scrap-Bag. 
Visits to Foreign Lands — Europe. 
Residence — Concord, Mass. 
Death— 1888. (March 6th.) Boston. 

'Tier characters are drawn from life and are full of 
the buoyant, free, hopeful New England spirit which 
marked her own enthusiastic love for nature, freedom 
and life/" 



There's not a cloud in heaven but drops its silent dew, 
No violet in the meadow but blesses with its blue. 

— The Children's Song, 



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MARY ABIGAIL DODGE 

(Gail Hamilton) 

Birthplace — Hamilton, Mass. 

Date of Birth — 1838. (About.) 

Occupation — High-school teacher. Editor. Author. 

Works — Gala Days. Country Living and Country 

Thinking. The Battle of the Books. Little 

Folks' Life. 

Residence — Much of the time in Washington. 
Death — 1898. 

For a grand nature in ruins we may have a mournful and 
tender reverence. For a nature which we thought grand, but 
which proved to be petty, we have only contempt. 

— Men and Women. 



Speech ripples over the surface of life, but silence sinks into 
its depth. — A Complaint of Friends. 



ONE 



HUNDRED AUTHORS 



129 



SIDNEY LANIER 

Birthplace — Macon, Ga. 

Date of Birth — 1842. (February 3d.) 

Early Life — In Georgia. Served in Confederate Army. 

Education — Oglethorpe College, Georgia, i860. 

Occupation — Teacher. Lawyer. Poet. Musician. 
Professor at Johns Hopkins University. 

Works — The English Novel. The Science of English 
Verse. Cantata Sung at the Centennial Expo- 
sition, 1876. Poems. Essays. 

Residence — Baltimore, Aid. 

Death — 1881. (September 7th.) Lynn, N. C. 

A southern poet whose songs will live. 

Akin by blood to high and low, 

Thou takest from all that thou mayst give to all. 



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JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY 

Birthplace — Dowth Castle, County Meath, Ireland. 

Date of Birth — 1844. (June 25th.) 

Early Life — In Ireland. 

Education — Private school. 

Occupation — Typewriter. Poet. Journalist. 

Poems — Songs of the Southern Seas. Statues in the 

Block. America. Songs, Legends and Ballads. 
Prose Works— Moondyne. The Irish Question. Stories 

and Sketches. 

Visits to Foreign Lands — See birtholace, also note 

below. 
Residence — Boston. 

Death — 1890. (August 10th.) Hull, Mass. 

Entered British Army. Sentenced to fifteen years 
penal servitude in Australia for inducing Irish soldiers to 
desert. Escaped from Australia to America. 

One righteous word for Law — the common will ; 
One living truth of Faith — God regnant still ; 
One primal test of Freedom — all combined ; 
One sacred revolution — change of mind ; 
One trust unfailing for the right and need — 
The tyrant flower shall cast the freedom .seed. 

—Pilgrim Fathers. 

* * * Who would be freed, 
Must give up all to follow duty's lead. 

— Pilgrim Fathers. 



CLASSICS 



I 



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THE VISION OF SIR LAUNFAL, 

Prelude to Part I. 

The Organist. 
Infancy and Manhood. 
A June Day. 

Joy comes, grief goes, we know not how; 
Everything is happy now, 

Everything is upward striving; 
'Tis as easy now for the heart to be true 
As for grass to be green or skies to be blue,— 

'Tis the natural way of living. 

PART I. Sir Launfal goes out to seek the Holy Grail. 

Prelude to Part II. 

A Winter Day. 

PART II. Sir Launfal returns from his search. 

QUESTIONS 

1. What other poet has written of the Holy Grail? 

2. What was the Holy Grail? 

3. Tell the story of the poem— The Vision of Sir Launfal. 

4. In line 15 to what does "the druid wood" refer? 

5. What is the meaning of "cap and bells" in line 27? 

6. Express in your own words the meaning and thought found in 

lines 13-32. 

7. Describe a June day as seen in lines 33-93. 

8. Describe Sir Launfal's castle. Was it in the country or in the 

city? How do you know? 

9. Describe the departure of Sir Launfal. 

10. Describe the character of Sir Launfal as you read it in lines 

147-173. 

11. Explain the meaning of lines 164-174. 

12. Describe a winter day as you see it in the prelude to Part II. 

13. What is the meaning of lines 250-251? 

14. Describe the desert. 

15. Describe Sir Launfal's return. 

16. Describe the character of Sir Launfal as it is shown in lines 

254-327. 

17. Compare the winter day with the June day. 

18. Compare the young knight with the old. 

19. Compare the first gift to the leper with the second. 



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20. Did Sir Launfal find the Holy Grail? Where? Describe the life 
at the castle as indicated at the opening of the story. At 
the close. Name five causes which led to the change. Select 
and memorize quotation. 



THE LAYS OF ANCIENT ROME 

For a satisfactory study of The Lays of Ancient Rome the 
pupil should have access to a good Roman history and a dictionary 
of mythology. If a dictionary of mythology is not accessible, 
Gruber's Myths of Greece and Rome, published by The American 
Book Company, will prove helpful. 

Then none was for a party; 

Then all were for the state; 
Then the great man helped the poor, 

And the poor man helped the great, 
Then the lands were fairly portioned; 

Then the spoils were fairly sold; 
The Romans were like brothers 

In the brave old days of old.— Horatiu 

In the Lays of Ancient Rome it was the purpose of Macaulay 
to present the stories of ancient Rome in the spirit of their time. 
There are two versions of the story of Horatius at the bridge. In 
that followed by Macaulay, the time is supposed to be in the year 
of the city CCCLX. In this version Horatius does not keep the 
bridge alone, but is aided in the defense by two others— S'purius 
Lartius and Herminius. 

The Story of the Battle of Lake Regillus is dated in the year 
of the city CCCCLI, and tells of the victory of the Romans 
through the intervention of the Twin Brothers. 

Virginia is a lay supposed to have been sung upon the election 
of the tribunes in the year of the city CCCLXXXIT, and is of a 
political rather than of a martial nature. 

The Prophecy of Capys includes in its opening verses the fable 
of Romulus and Remus, the mythical founders of Rome. 

QUESTIONS 

1. For what was the House of Tarquin noted? 

2. What was the Tarpeian Rock? 

3. What is meant by the term "Fathers of the City"? 

4. Who was Juno? 



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135 



5. Who was Castor? 

6. Who was Mars? 

7. What was the Forum? 

8. Explain the term "Ides." 

9. Explain the term "Nones." 

10. Explain the term "Kalends." 

11. Who was Romulus? 

12. Who was Remus? 

13. What is meant by "Charg-e for the heart of Vesta"? 

14. Why was the office of tribune established? 

15. What were some of the duties of the tribunes? 

16. Who were the Plebeians? 

17. What was the duty of the lictors? 

18. Tell the story of Virginia. 

19. Tell the story of Horatius. 

20. Tell the story of the founding of Rome. 



A CHRISTMAS CAROL/ — BY CHARLES DICKENS 



Christmas stories written by Dickens: 

The Haunted Man. 

Somebody's Luggage. 

Mrs. Lirriper's Lodgings. 

Mrs. Lirriper's Legacy. 

Doctor Marigold. 

The Battle of Life. 

The Cricket on the Hearth. 

The Chimes. 

A Christmas Carol. 



A CHRISTMAS CAROL 



Stave One.— Marley's Ghost. 

"Marley was dead as a door nail." 

"Scrooge, a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutch- 
ing, covetous old sinner." 
Scrooge's nephew and a "Merry Christmas." 
Two men of public spirit. 

The clerk goes home to play "blindman's buff." 

The knocker. 

Marley's visit. 

The wandering phantoms. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



Stave Two.— The first of the three spirits. 
The hour itself. 
The Ghost of Christmas past. 
The first Christmas. 
Another Christmas. 
A merrier Christmastide. 

Stave Three.— The second of the three spirits. 
The Ghost of the Christmas p*resent. 
The visit to Scrooge's clerk. 
The toast to Scrooge. 
The Miners. 
On shipboard. 

The visit to Scrooge's nephew. 

Stave Four.— The last of the spirits. 
The Ghost of the future. 
Trivial conversation. 
The pawnbroker's. 

"Men's courses foreshadow certain ends, to w r hich if perse- 
vered in they must lead.— But if the course be departed 
from, the ends will change." 

Stave Five.— The end of it. 

Scrooge in his room once more. 

"What's to-day?" "Why, Christmas Day." 

QUESTIONS 

1. Who was Scrooge? Describe his character. 

2. Who was Fan? 

3. Who was Fezziwig? Describe his character. 

4. Who w r as Belle? What had her happiness to do with Scrooge? 

5. Who was Tiny Tim? 

G. Describe the life and home of Tiny Tim. 

7. Why did the Ghost of the Christmas present say: "If he be 

like to die, he had better do it and decrease the surplus pop- 
ulation"? 

8. Who was Topper? 

9. Why did the Ghost of the Christmas present ask: "Are there 

no prisons? Are there no work houses?" 

10. What message did the third phantom bring? 

11. What was its effect upon Scrooge? 



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137 



12. Compare the return of Scrooge from the counting-house and 

his rising Christmas morning. 

13. Describe Scrooge's Christmas. Why was it a merry one? 

14. What can you say of Scrooge's later life? 

15. Name the principal characters in "A Christmas Carol," and 

describe each. 

16. Tell the story of "A Christmas Carol." 

17. Name other Christmas stories written by Dickens. 

18. With what classes of English life does Dickens usually deal? 

19. What are the chief characteristics of his stories? 

20. Give a short sketch of the life of Dickens. 



THE LADY OF THE LAKE 
The Lady of the Lake is written in six cantos. Each canto 
represents the events of a day. Probably none other of Scott's 
poems is more widely read. It is perhaps less strong than Mar- 
mion, but more full of grace and simple Scottish beauty. 

The stag at eve had drunk his fill, 

Where danced the moon on Monan's rill, 

And deep his midnight lair had made 

In lone Glenartney's hazel shade; 

But when the sun his beacon red 

Had kindled on Benvoirlich's head, 

The deep-mouthed blood-honnd's heavy bay 

Resounded up the rocky way, 

And faint, from farther distance borne, 

Were heard the clanging hoof and horn. 

The huntsman's eagerness, 

His love of the noble steed. 

The dogs "of black St. Hubert's breed." 

The Lady of the Lake. 

Scottish hospitality. 

Malcolm, Ellen, and Rhoderick Dhu. 

The Combat. 

The knightly spirit of James Fitz-James. 

The Douglas, and his mission to the king's court. 

The battle and the minstrel's song. 

The gentle words of Snowdoun's knight. 

With beating heart and bosom wrung, 
As to a brother's arm she clung. 



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ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



Gently he dried the falling- tear. 

And gently whispered hope and cheer. 

Ellen before the Scottish court. 

"Lord James of Douglas, lend thine aid; 
Thou must confirm this doubting- maid." 
Then forth the noble Douglas sprung, 
And on his neck his daughter hung. 
The monarch drank, that happy hour, 
The sweetest, holiest draught of power- 
When it can say with godlike voice, 
Arise, sad Virtue, and rejoice. 

Ellen pleads for Rhoderick Dhu. 

Down kneeled the Graeme to Scotland's lord. 

*.**#* 

His chain of gold the king unstrung, 
The links o'er Malcom's neck he flung. 
Then gently drew the glittering band, 
And laid the clasp on Ellen's hand. 

QUESTIONS' 

1. Where is Ben- venue? Where is Loch-Katrine? 

2. Describe the chase. 

3. Describe Loch-Katrine. 

4. Describe the home of Ellen. 

5. Who was the Douglas? 

6. Who were the Graeme and Rhoderick Dhu? 

7. Why were Rhoderick Dhu and the Graeme not friends? 

8. Describe the parting. 

9. Who was Brian? 

10. Describe the return journey of James Fitz-James up to me 

time of the combat. 

11. Describe the combat. 

12. Why did Ellen go to the Scottish court? 

13. Describe Ellen's journey in her search for James Fitz-James. 

14. Describe the Battle of BeaT An Duine. 

15. Who were the occupants of the guard room? How came they 

there? 

1G. Who guided Ellen to the court of Scotland's king? 

17. Whom found they there? 

18. Who was James Fitz-James? 

19. Select and memorize a quotation. 

20. Study figures ot speech. Write the story. 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



139 



ENOCH ARDKN 

Tennyson loved the sea. He said: 

Break, break, break, 

On thy cold gray stones. O sea! 
And I would that my tongue could utter 

The thoughts that arise in me. 

The soul of the ocean spoke to the poet's soul, but he loved 
the flowers as well: 

Flower in the crannied wall, 

I pluck you out of the crannies, 

I hold you here, root and all, in my hand, 

Little flower— but if I could understand 

What you are, root and all, and all in all, 

I should know what God and man is. 

This man, scholar, and poet laureate, understood the simple 
seafaring people of England. Out of their sorrows and their joys 
grew the story of Enoch Arden. 

ENOCH ARDEN 

The childhood of Annie, Philip, and Enoch. 
The games beside the sea. 
The nutting party. 

"And merrily rang the bells." 
Enoch's plan. 
The sailing. 
The waiting. 

The death of Annie's child. 

" 'Then you will let me, Annie?' " 

" 'Yes, if the nuts,' he said, 'be ripe again.' " 

"Merrily rang the bells, and they were wed. 
But never merrily beat Annie's heart." 

The lost ship. 
The watching. 
Home. 

Miriam Lane. 



140 



ONE HUNDRED AUTHORS 



" 'If I might look on her sweet face again 
And know that she is happy.' " 

" 'Wherefore: when I am gone, 
Take, give her this.' " 

"So passed the strong, heroic soul away." 
QUESTIONS 

1. Who were Philip Ray, Enoch Arden, Annie Lee? 

2. Describe the town in which these children lived. 

3. How did Philip's life differ from that of Enoch? 

4. Contrast the characters of Philip and Enoch. 

5. What influence, as a child, had Annie upon these two lives? 
G. Describe the early manhood of Enoch. 

7. What do lines 70-72 tell you of the character of Enoch? 

8. Has the ocean life aught to do with the moulding of character? 

9. What poets have written of the sea? 

10. Read Tennyson's "Break, break, break." Read Longfellow's 

"The Driftwood Fire." 

11. What strengthened and deepened the home life of Enoch? 

12. Why did he plan the last voyage? What was Annie's wish? 

13. Tell of Annie's waiting and the long struggle. 

14. Was the loving devotion of Philip in accord with his unselfish 

struggle at the nutting party years before? 

15. Compare Annie's new home with that which Enoch had pro- 

vided. 

16. Tell of Enoch's shipwreck and his waiting. 

17. Tell of Enoch's return and last hours. 

18. Select and memorize a quotation. 

19. Make a study of the figures of speech. 

20. From the outline, or one of your own development, write the 

story. 



INDEX 



ENGLISH LITERATURE 

Addison, Joseph 34 

Age of Chaucer 7 

Age of Caxton 9 

Age of the Commonwealth 21 

Age of Elizabeth 12 

Age of the Restoration 26 

Age of Queen Anne 31 

Age of Johnson 37 

Age of Scott 45 

Age, Victorian 59 

Angelo, Michael 9 

Anne, Age of Queen 31 

Arnold, Dr 45 

Arnold, Matthew 71 

Bacon, Francis 16 

Beaumont 20 

Berwick, Mary 72 

Blackstone 37 

Boccaccio 7 

Boileau 26 

Bossuet 21 

Boswell 37 

Brown, Dr. John 65 

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett 63 

Browning, Robert 67 

Bulwer 59 

Bunyan, John . 28 

Burns, Robert 44 

Butler 21 

Byron, Lord 54 

Calderon 21, 26 

Calvin 12 

Campbell 45 

Carlyle, Thomas 61 

Caxton, Age of 9 

Caxton, William 11 

Cervantes 12 

Chaucer, Age of 7 

Chaucer, Geoffrey 8 

141 



Clarendon 26 

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 4S 

Colet 9 

Commonwealth, Age of the 21 

Congreve 2G 

Corneille 21 

Cornwall, Barry GO 

Coverdale 9 

Cowley -1 

Cowper, William 43 

Cross, Mary Ann Evans, Mrs 69 

Dante 7 

De Foe, Daniel 32 

De Quincey, Thomas 53 

Descartes 21 

Dickens, Charles 6S 

Dryden, John 29 

Eliot, George- .....69 

Elizabeth, Age of 12 

Elliot. John 26 

Erasmus 9 

Evans, Mary Ann 69 

Fielding, Henry 31 

Fletcher 20 

Galileo ...21 

Gibbon 37 

Goethe 37 

Goldsmith 42 

Gower, John 7 

Gray, Thomas 41 

Greene, Robert 12 

Grocyn 9 

Grotius 21 

Hazlitt , 45 

Hemans, Felicia Dorothea 56 

Herrick, Robert 23 

Hood, Thomas 5S 

Hugo, Victor 45 

Hume, David 40 

Hunt, Leigh 52 

Ingelow, Jean 74 

Irving 45 

Johnson, Age of 37 

Johnson, Samuel 39 



142 



Jonson, Ben . 19 

Keats, John 57 

Knox 12 

La Fontaine 21 

Lamb, Charles 50 

Langland, William 7 

Linacre, Thomas 

Locke, John 30 

Lope de Vega 12 

Lorenzo de Medici 9 

Luther, Martin 9 

Macaulay, Thomas Babington 62 

Mandeville. Sir John 7 

Marlowe, Christopher 12 

Massillon 31 

Martineau, Harriet 103 

Mather, Cotton... 26, 31 

Milton, John ' 24 

Moliere 21, 26 

Montaigne 12 

Moore, Thomas 51 

More, Sir Thomas 9 

Newton, S'ir Isaac... 26 

Oliphant, Mrs 73 

Pascal 21 

Petrarch 7 

Pope, Alexander 36 

Procter, Adelaide Anne 72 

Procter, Bryan Waller 60 

Raleigh, Sir Walter 12 

Raphael 9 

Restoration, Age of the 26 

Richardson, Samuel 31 

Rousseau 37, 45 

Ruskin, John 70 

Schiller 37 

Scott, Age of 45 

Scott, Sir Walter... 47 

Shakspeare, William 17 

Shelley, Percy Bysshe 53 

Sheridan 37 

Sidney, S'ir Philip : 15 

Skelton, John 9 

Smollett, Tobias 31 



143 



Southey, Robert 49 

Spenser, Edmund 14 

Steele, Sir Richard 35 

Surrey 9 

Swift, Jonathan 33 

Tasso 12 

Taylor, Jeremy 21 

Tennyson, Alfred 64 

Thackeray, William Makepeace 66 

Thomson, James 38 

Tyndale 9 

Victorian Age 59 

Voltaire 37 

Walton, Izaak 21 

Watts, Isaac 31 

Wordsworth, William 40 

Wyatt 9 

Wycliffe, John 7 

AMERICAN LITERATURE 

Abbott, Jacob 97 

Ages of American Literature 76 

Alcott, Louisa M 126 

American Age 76 

Bancroft, George , 94 

Billings, Josh 114 

Bryant, William Cullen 91 

Calhoun, John C 83 

Cary, Alice 118 

Cary, Phoebe 120 

Channing, William Ellery 82 

Child, Lydia Maria 96 

Clay, Henry 80 

Colonial Age 76 

Cooper, James Fenimore 86* 

Curtis, George W 121 

Dodge, Mary Abigail 127 

Dwight, John S * 110 

Edwards, Jonathan 76 

Emerson, Ralph Waldo 98 

Everett, Edward 90 

Foster, Stephen C 123 

Franklin, Benjamin 76-77 

Greeley, Horace 108 



144 



Halleck, Fitz-Greene g7 

Hamilton, Gail 127 

Hawthorne, Nathaniel 99 

Henry, Patrick , 76 

H. H : 125 

Holland, J. G 115 

Holmes, Oliver Wendell 105 

Hopkinson, Joseph 79 

Irving, Washington 85 

Jackson, Helen Hunt 125 

Jefferson, Thomas 78 

Key, Francis Scott 81 

Lanier, Sidney 128 

Larcom, Lucy^ 124 

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth ..102 

Lowell, James Russell 116 

Mann, Horace 92 

Mather, Cotton 76 

Motley, John Ill 

O'Reilly, John Boyle 129 

Otis, James 76 

Payne, John Howard 89 

Poe, Edgar Allan 107 

Prentice, George D \ 95 

Prescott, William H 93 

Read, Thomas B 119 

Revolutionary Age 76 

Saxe, John Godfrey 112 

Shaw, Henry vW 114 

Sigourney, Lydia H 88 

Stowe, Harriet Beecher 109 

Taylor, Bayard 122 

Thoreau, Henry David 113 

Titcomb, Timothy 115 

Webster, Daniel 84 

Whittier, John Greenleaf 103 

Whipple, Edwin P.. 117 

Willis, Nathaniel Parker 101 

CLASSICS 

The Vision of Sir Launfal 133 

The Lays of Ancient Rome 134 

A Christmas Carol 135 

The Lady of the Lake 137 

Enoch Arden 139 



145 



SEP 2 1904 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




024 318 508 7 f 



